榆树市玉米种植区黑土重金属污染状况及来源浅析

发布时间：2018-09-08 11:18

【摘要】：为明晰农田黑土重金属含量状况以及污染来源,选择黑土区连续多年种植玉米的榆树市为研究区,原位采集196个土壤样品,采用火焰-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计对土壤中5种重金属含量进行分析测定,并采用相关分析和主成分分析法进行污染来源解析。结果表明,土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb质量分数平均值分别为(0.119±0.08)、(56.51±9.10)、(19.21±3.42)、(70.58±14.57)和(34.42±7.85)mg·kg-1;土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb含量超过相应的黑土背景值的点位百分比分别为69.9%、36.7%、26.5%、82.1%、84.2%;土壤中Cd和Zn含量超过相应的土壤环境质量二级标准的点位百分比分别为6.6%和0.5%;与成土母质相对比,富集系数为:Pb(1.56)Cr(1.29)Zn(1.24)Cd(1.20)Cu(1.16);与中国第二次土壤普查数据对比,土壤Pb、Cd、Zn平均含量分别增加48.1%、8.2%、5.1%;土壤Cr和Cu含量变化较小。相关分析表明,土壤Cu和Cr含量呈极显著正相关(r~2=0.369,P0.01),土壤Pb和Zn含量呈极显著正相关(r~2=0.333,P0.01),表明土壤Cu和Cr可能有相同的污染来源,Pb和Zn污染来源相似。主成分分析表明,3个主成分(PC)可解释总方差的79.13%。PC1解释总方差的29.33%,主要包括Zn和Pb,土壤中Pb和Zn污染主要来源于燃煤、大气干湿沉降物和化肥施加;PC2解释总方差的26.81%,包括Cr和Cu,土壤中Cr和Cu主要受成土母质控制;PC3解释总方差的23.00%,包括Cd,而土壤Cd富集可能来源于磷肥。总体而言,榆树市玉米种植区黑土重金属污染较轻,但Cd有超标现象,应引起重视。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the content of heavy metals and the sources of pollution in black soil, Yushu City, which has been planting maize for many years, was selected as the study area. 196 soil samples were collected in situ. The content of five heavy metals in soil was determined by Flame Graphite Furnace Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer and the pollution sources were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results show that The average Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb content in soil was (0.119 卤0.08), (56.51 卤9.10), (19.21 卤3.42), (70.58 卤14.57) and (34.42 卤7.85) mg kg-1; soil Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb content exceeded the corresponding black soil background value, respectively. The percentage of Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb content in mg kg-1; soil exceeded the corresponding black soil background value, respectively, and the Cd and Zn content in soil exceeded the corresponding soil environmental quality secondary standard. The scores were 6.6% and 0.5%, respectively. Compared with the data of the second soil census of China, the average content of Pb,Cd,Zn in soil increased by 48.1% and 8.2%, respectively, and the content of Cr and Cu in the soil changed slightly. The enrichment coefficient was 1.56) Cr (1.29) Zn (1.24) Cd (1.20) Cu (1.16, and the average content of Pb,Cd,Zn increased by 48.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of Cu and Cr in soil were significantly positive correlation (RP0.01), and the contents of Pb and Zn in soil were significantly positive correlation (RP0.01), indicating that soil Cu and Cr may have the same pollution sources: lead and Zn. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the three principal components (PC) could explain the total variance of 79.13%.PC1 and explain 29.33% of the total variance. The pollution of Pb and Zn in Zn and Pb, soils was mainly caused by coal combustion. Atmospheric dry and wet deposition and chemical fertilizer application of PC2 accounted for 26.81% of the total variance, including that Cr and Cu in Cr and Cu, soils were mainly controlled by the parent material of the soil and that the total variance of PC3 interpretation was 23.00%, including Cd, and that the enrichment of Cd in soil probably originated from phosphate fertilizer. In general, the heavy metal pollution of black soil in maize planting area of Yushu City is relatively light, but Cd has the phenomenon of exceeding the standard, which should be paid more attention to.
【作者单位】：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41701372) 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所“一三五”规划项目(IGA-135-08);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所引进优秀人才科研启动基金项目(Y6H1211001) 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20150623024TC-30)
【分类号】：X53

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