部分室内植物受甲醛污染胁迫净化能力和响应机制的研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 19:31

【摘要】：甲醛是室内化学污染的主要污染物,严重危害着人们的身心健康,已被列为污染室内空气的首要隐形杀手。为减轻室内甲醛污染,利用植物吸收甲醛的特性,可以对室内甲醛进行吸收净化,目前这种植物修复技术已经成为净化甲醛污染的一种重要的修复手段,而该技术的实行依赖于植物体内稳定的甲醛响应机制。研究采用三次重复的随机区组实验设计,通过方差分析、多重比较的统计分析方法,研究部分室内植物受甲醛污染胁迫后的净化能力和响应机制。采用模拟舱熏蒸法对实验植物进行熏气处理,通过测定模拟舱内甲醛浓度变化,计算甲醛净化率和单位叶片面积甲醛净化量来判定植物对甲醛的净化修复能力,并对其进行生理生化响应机制分析。研究结果表明：1.室内植物受甲醛污染胁迫净化能力研究(1)甲醛浓度、植物种类、以及甲醛浓度和植物种类的交互作用对甲醛单位叶片面积净化量和净化率的影响都呈现出极显著水平；其中甲醛浓度的影响更显著。(2)在测定的1mg/m3、2mg/m3、3mg/m3甲醛浓度中,室内植物对甲醛的净化率随着甲醛浓度的升高而降低。其中,全绿吊兰(X5)则在1mg/m3和3mg/m3的甲醛浓度时,可以达到最高的净化率,绿萝(X3)在2]mg/m3浓度的甲醛污染下净化率最高。(3)在测定的1mg/m3、2mg/m3、3mg/m3甲醛浓度中,室内植物对甲醛的单位叶片面积净化量随着甲醛浓度的升高而升高,且在3种甲醛实验浓度下,全绿吊兰(X5)对甲醛的单位叶片面积净化量均最高。(4)综合室内植物在单位叶片面积净化量以及净化率的隶属函数值分析,可得,综合净化效果最佳的植物种类为全绿吊兰(X5)2.室内植物受甲醛污染胁迫响应机制研究(1)甲醛浓度、植物种类、以及二者的交互作用对叶绿素含量变化率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化率、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性变化率、超氧阴离子产生速率变化率、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化率、可溶性糖含量变化率、酸碱度变化率、可溶性蛋白含量变化率的影响均达到极显著水平。(2)室内植物受不同浓度甲醛污染胁迫后具有不同的生理生化响应特征,室内植物的叶绿素含量降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、超氧阴离子产生速率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量均上升,植物体内各生物分子含量的变化使植物酸碱度不同程度的上升或下降。(3)采用隶属函数值法综合分析室内植物的8项生理生化指标,可得受不同浓度甲醛污染胁迫后,对甲醛污染抗性最强及响应最小的植物种类为长寿花(X7),抗性最小及响应最大的植物种类是幸福树(X1)(4)室内植物的叶绿素含量、POD酶活性、APX酶活性、MDA含量、超氧阴离子产生速率、可溶性蛋白含量与可溶性糖含量两指标之间具有较高的相关性,酸碱度与其它生理生化指标变化间的相关性较小。
[Abstract]:Formaldehyde is the main pollutant of indoor chemical pollution, which seriously endangers people's physical and mental health, and has been listed as the primary invisible killer of indoor air pollution. In order to reduce indoor formaldehyde pollution and utilize the characteristics of plant absorption formaldehyde, indoor formaldehyde can be absorbed and purified. At present, this kind of phytoremediation technology has become an important means of purifying formaldehyde pollution. The implementation of this technique depends on the stable formaldehyde response mechanism in plants. Three repeated random block experiments were used to study the purification ability and response mechanism of some indoor plants under formaldehyde pollution stress by means of variance analysis and statistical analysis of multiple comparisons. The experimental plants were fumigated by simulated cabin fumigation. By measuring the change of formaldehyde concentration in the simulated cabin, the purification rate of formaldehyde and the amount of formaldehyde purifying per unit leaf area were calculated to determine the ability of plants to purify and repair formaldehyde. The mechanism of physiological and biochemical response was analyzed. The results of the study show that 1: 1. Studies on the purification ability of indoor plants under formaldehyde pollution stress (1) formaldehyde concentration, plant species, and the interaction between formaldehyde concentration and plant species all showed significant effects on the purification capacity and purification rate of formaldehyde per unit leaf area; The effect of formaldehyde concentration was more significant. (2) in the 1 mg / m ~ (3) ~ (3) ~ 2 mg / m ~ (3) ~ (3) mg / m ~ (3) formaldehyde concentration, the purification rate of indoor plants decreased with the increase of formaldehyde concentration. Among them, X5 can achieve the highest purification rate at the formaldehyde concentration of 1mg/m3 and 3mg/m3, and X3 has the highest purification rate under the formaldehyde pollution of 2] mg/m3. (3) in the measured formaldehyde concentration of 1mg / m3m3m3m3m3m3mm3, the concentration of X5 can reach the highest purification rate when the formaldehyde concentration of 3mg/m3 and X5 reaches the highest. (3) in the determined concentration of 1 mg / m3m3m3m3mgm3 formaldehyde, The purification amount of formaldehyde per unit leaf area of indoor plants increased with the increase of formaldehyde concentration, and under three kinds of formaldehyde experimental concentrations, (4) based on the analysis of the purification capacity and purification rate of the indoor plants in the unit leaf area, it can be concluded that the best comprehensive purification effect of the plant species is all green poplar (X5) 2. Studies on the response mechanism of indoor plants to formaldehyde pollution (1) the change rate of chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) activity and the change rate of formaldehyde concentration, plant species and their interaction on chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) activity and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) activity; The change rate of superoxide anion production rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content, pH change rate, The effect of soluble protein content was significant. (2) the indoor plants had different physiological and biochemical responses to formaldehyde pollution. The chlorophyll content of indoor plants decreased and the activity of peroxidase (POD) decreased. Ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) activity, superoxide anion production rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA) content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content were all increased. The changes of biomolecules in plants make the pH of plants rise or decrease in different degrees. (3) the eight physiological and biochemical indexes of indoor plants were analyzed by the method of membership function, and the results showed that the plants were exposed to formaldehyde pollution of different concentrations. The plant species with the highest resistance to formaldehyde pollution and the least response to formaldehyde pollution were long-lived flowers (X7). The plant species with the least resistance and the greatest response to formaldehyde pollution were the chlorophyll content of the indoor plants (X1) and the content of MDA in PODase activity and APX activity, and the rate of superoxide anion production. There was a high correlation between soluble protein content and soluble sugar content, but little correlation between pH and other physiological and biochemical indexes.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X173;X51

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