基于RS和GIS的白洋淀自然保护区湿地生态系统健康评价

发布时间：2018-09-10 08:55

【摘要】：白洋淀湿地自然保护区被誉为“华北之肾”,具有缓洪滞沥、调节气候、维护水体自然净化能力等多种生态功能,对维持华北地区生态平衡、保持生物多样性起到重要作用。白洋淀淀区开发历史久远、开发强度大,近几十年来,受自然因素和人文活动干扰因素影响,白洋淀湿地面积急剧萎缩、干淀现象频繁发生,其健康状态面临严重退化。白洋淀生态系统健康状况受到了政府、专家学者以及公众的广泛关注,因此选取白洋淀湿地进行生态健康评价对其急需开展的整治工作和合理性规划具有重要意义。本文选择白洋淀湿地自然保护区作为研究区,依据遥感和地理信息系统技术,结合传统野外生态与水文监测方法,在综合小尺度和景观尺度的基础上,从水生态特征、景观斑块特征和人类干扰特征3个方面选取一系列评价指标因子,利用层次分析法和综合指数方法,对研究区湿地进行了定量生态系统健康评价提出了影响健康状况的主要因子以及管理和修复对策,为白洋淀自然保护区的保护和修复提供基础资料。结果表明:白洋淀湿地自然保护区湿地生态健康综合指数为0.303—0.711,处于不健康到健康状态之间,整体生态健康现状为不健康状态;研究区的四个核心功能区健康状况存在差异,从优到劣的排序分别是:烧车淀小白洋淀大麦淀藻傭淀,但各核心区健康分级状况并没有白洋淀自然保护区整体好,与野外实地调查结果一致,反映出白洋淀湿地自然保护区功能分区不太合理;在评价指标体系中,影响研究区生态健康状况的关键要素为水生态环境特征,关键指标为淀区水位。综合研究结果,对白洋淀湿地自然保护区管理和开发提出以下几点意见:全面实施开源节流,协调区域水资源分配,建立长效生态补水机制;加强污染的综合治理,调整研究区内养殖产业结构;重新规划白洋淀自然保护区的生态功能区域,科学合理区分核心区、缓冲区与实验区;新建立一套健全的白洋淀自然保护区保护政策与制度。
[Abstract]:Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is known as "kidney of North China". It has many ecological functions, such as slowing flood and leachate, regulating climate, maintaining natural purification ability of water body and so on. It plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance and maintaining biodiversity in North China. Baiyangdian area has a long history and great development intensity. In recent decades, the area of Baiyangdian wetland shrank sharply, the dry lake occurred frequently, and its health state was seriously degraded due to the influence of natural factors and human activities. The health status of Baiyangdian ecosystem has been widely concerned by the government, experts and scholars as well as the public. Therefore, it is of great significance to select Baiyangdian wetland for ecological health evaluation for its urgently needed remediation work and rational planning. In this paper, Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is chosen as the research area, according to remote sensing and GIS technology, combined with traditional field ecological and hydrological monitoring methods, on the basis of comprehensive small-scale and landscape scale, based on the characteristics of water ecology. A series of evaluation index factors were selected from three aspects of landscape patch characteristics and human disturbance characteristics, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and synthetic index method were used. The quantitative ecosystem health assessment of wetland in the study area was carried out. The main factors affecting the health status and the management and restoration countermeasures were put forward, which provided the basic data for the protection and restoration of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve. The results showed that the comprehensive index of wetland ecological health in Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve was 0.303-0.711, which was from unhealthy to healthy. The order from the best to the worst is that the algae-lake in Baekyangdian is not as good as that in the Baiyangdian Nature Reserve, and the results are consistent with the field investigation results, but the health classification of the core areas is not as good as that of the Baiyangdian Nature Reserve as a whole. The results show that the functional zoning of Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve is not reasonable, and in the evaluation index system, the key factor affecting the ecological health of the study area is the characteristics of the water ecological environment and the key index is the water level in the lake area. Based on the comprehensive research results, the following suggestions are put forward for the management and development of Baiyangdian Wetland Nature Reserve: the comprehensive implementation of increasing resources and reducing expenditure, the coordination of regional water resources allocation, the establishment of a long-term ecological water replenishment mechanism, and the strengthening of comprehensive control of pollution. The ecological function area of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve should be re-planned, and the core area, buffer zone and experimental area should be scientifically and reasonably distinguished, and a set of sound policies and systems for the protection of Baiyangdian Nature Reserve should be established.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X36;X826

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