新疆伊犁河流域生态服务功能价值估算

发布时间：2018-09-19 07:15

【摘要】：生态服务功能的价值,可作为反映地区环境变化的一项参考。将生态服务的效用进行价值量化成货币单位,可以更直观的与从自然中获取的直接经济价值进行对比,也有助于人对生态服务功能重要性的认知衡量。对于国家和社会方面,量化后的生态服务,有助于修正完善生态补偿的相关法规,协助可持续发展政策的制定。伊犁河流域是西部干旱区中一块繁茂的河谷绿洲。随着近些年经济发展,人们攫取能源与改造自然的速度逐步提升,伊犁河谷的农业、畜牧业也在飞速增长,对于自然生态势必构成一定压力。为伊犁河谷长久良性的发展,需要持续关注本区域生态环境的动态变化。本文通过“分项指标构建法”和“当量因子法”两种测评方式,对伊犁河谷在2001—2013年的生态服务功能效用,进行了价值量化估算,并对得到的两组结果数据进行对比。寄望于获取更准确的价值结果,并对生态服务评估的方法尝试比较和探讨。希望在给予伊犁河谷环境监测数据支持的同时,为本学科研究方法的改进提供经验依据。主要结论包括:(1)伊犁河流域在2001—2013年间年均水土保持量为2.639×10~8 t,2007年最高达到3.953×10~8 t,2011年最低为1.985×10~8 t。保持量最多的地区是昭苏县年均0.7×10~8 t,伊宁县和伊宁市最低,年均仅为0.11×10~8 t和0.004×10~8 t。保持效率特克斯县最高,年均73.7 t/hm~2;霍城县和伊宁县最低,分别为年均28.6 t/hm~2和24.7 t/hm~2。(2)分项指标构建法评估的结果为:2001—2013年间年均生态服务价值为285.42×10~8元,2008年最低为227.7×10~8元,2010年最高为315.57×10~8元。生态服务效率最高为察布查尔锡伯自治县,年均5992元/hm~2,新源县和伊宁市最低,分别为年均4779元/hm~2和4241元/hm~2。(3)当量因子法测算的结果为:2001—2013年间年均生态服务价值为888.74×10~8元,2005年最低点为825.4×10~8元,2010年高点为943×10~8元。地区最高为昭苏县,年均170.67×10~8元;最低为伊宁县和伊宁市,年均为64.12×10~8元和1.62×10~8元。生态服务的效率巩留县最高年均21513元/hm~2。霍城县和伊宁市最低,分别为年均13621元/hm~2和1210~8元/hm~2。(4)伊犁河谷生态服务价值总量级别在确定在百亿元,具体数值依评估方法的差异和涵盖的服务功能不同,约在300×10~8—900×10~8元之间。两种方法均测定2010年生态服务的价值总量最高。各地区的年度变化趋势对比中,以霍城县的测算结果可信度最高,对于生态系统构成越简单的地区,以不同指标测算的年变化趋势越相近。生态服务功能较优的县为特克斯,较差的为霍城县。以多项式拟合两种方法的结果进行预测,选取二者共同趋势可得伊犁河谷的生态服务价值在2025年前后达到750×10~8元。(5)对于气体、水源、土壤和养分几方面的服务功能价值,以两种方法测评的结果比例相近。两种方法得到价值结果,当量因子法所涵盖的生态服务种类较多,且测算步骤较简便。服务功能的权重以气体和水文调节比重较大。(6)“分项指标构建法”结果与降水量变化的正相关性较高,除霍城县外“当量因子法”结果与降水并无明显相关。降水会整体提升本区的生态服务功能,且降水变化主导生态较差地区的服务价值变化。生态较优地区在降水少的年份,展现出了水源涵养的跨时空补偿效用。
[Abstract]:The value of ecological service function can be used as a reference to reflect the changes of regional environment. Quantifying the value of ecological service into monetary units can be more intuitive compared with the direct economic value obtained from nature. It also helps people to measure the importance of ecological service function. Quantified ecological services will help amend and improve relevant laws and regulations on ecological compensation and help formulate sustainable development policies. The Yili River Basin is a flourishing oasis in the arid region of Western China. Rapid growth is bound to exert a certain pressure on the natural ecology. For the long-term and benign development of the Yili Valley, it is necessary to pay close attention to the dynamic changes of the ecological environment in the region. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Yili River Valley environmental monitoring data is supported by the method. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Yili River Valley environmental monitoring data is supported by the method. The average annual soil and water conservation amount of the river basin was 2.639 x 10~8 t in 2001-2013, the highest was 3.953 x 10~8 t in 2007, and the lowest was 1.985 x 10~8 t in 2011. The areas with the highest annual soil and water conservation amount were Zhaosu County 0.7 x 10~8 t, Yining County and Yining City 0.11 x 10~8 T and 0.004 x 10~8 t respectively. The annual conservation efficiency of Tex County was the highest, with an average of 73.7 t/hm. 2. Huocheng County and Yining County were the lowest, with an average annual value of 28.6 t/hm~2 and 24.7 t/hm~2. (2) The results of the sub-index construction method were as follows: the annual average value of ecological services was 285.42 10~8 yuan in 2001-2013, the lowest in 2008 was 227.7 10~8 yuan, and the highest in 2010 was 315.57 10~8 yuan. 5992 yuan / hm ~ 2, Xinyuan County and Yining City were the lowest, with an average annual value of 4779 yuan / hm ~ 2 and 4241 yuan / hm ~ 2. (3) The results of the equivalent factor method were as follows: the average annual value of ecological services between 2001 and 2013 was 888.74 10 ~ 8 yuan, the lowest in 2005 was 825.4 10 ~ 8 yuan, and the highest in 2010 was 943 10 ~ 8 yuan. The average annual efficiency of ecological services in Gongliu County is 21 513 yuan / hm ~ 2. Huocheng County and Yining City are the lowest, with an average annual value of 13621 yuan / hm ~ 2 and 1210 ~ 8 yuan / hm ~ 2, respectively. (4) The total value of ecological services in Yili Valley is determined at 10 billion yuan, and the specific value is different according to the evaluation method. The total value of ecological services in 2010 was the highest by both methods. Compared with other regions, Huocheng County had the highest reliability in the annual change trend, and the simpler the ecosystem was, the more the annual change trend was measured by different indicators. The results of polynomial fitting were used to predict the common trend of the two methods. The value of ecological services in the Yili River Valley reached 750 10~8 yuan around 2025. (5) For gas, water, soil and nutrients, the value of ecological services in the two areas was two. The results of the two methods are similar in proportion to each other. The results of the two methods show that there are many kinds of ecological services covered by the Equivalent Factor Method, and the calculating steps are simple. The weights of the service functions are larger in terms of gas and hydrological regulation. (6) The results of the "sub-index construction method" have a higher positive correlation with the precipitation changes, except Huocheng County. The results of "Equivalent Factor Method" were not significantly correlated with precipitation. Precipitation would enhance the ecological service function of the region as a whole, and precipitation change dominated the change of service value in ecologically poor areas.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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