新疆南缘沙尘季与非沙尘季大气颗粒物组分特征分析

发布时间：2018-10-05 09:18

【摘要】：本文通过对比分析法和相关性分析法和后向轨迹法和元素标识法,对新疆塔里木盆地南缘地区春季(4.15-5.4)和夏季(8.18-9.3)的质量浓度和离子和元素和碳的数据进行了分地域和分季节和分沙尘天与非沙尘天的分析和探究,并在其中捕捉到两次大的沙尘事件,对其进行后向轨迹及特征元素的追踪探究。探究结果如下:(1)新疆南缘采样站点在不同程度上均受到春季沙尘天气的影响,且沙尘天占比最高可达100%。(2)夏季的颗粒物日浓度数据比春季有了大幅度的提高。且背景点位数据显示背景点位质量浓度的季节变化合理,显示了其背景特征。(3)春季采样期间,在4月19日和5月1日两日抓到两个重污染天,由PM10与PM2.5质量浓度的权重排序可初步推断本探究区域春季的沙尘源大概来自西方或北方。七地州PM10中的离子组成完全相同,主要离子均为SO42-和Cl-和Ca2+和Na+。阿克苏地区离子成分最大,但阿克苏总离子浓度基本不变,说明沙尘天并不能显著改变空气颗粒物中的离子浓度。新疆南缘探究区内的二次有机碳污染十分严重,但背景点昌吉和对照点哈密的未受到风沙天气的影响。春季沙尘天将本地的碳成分传输到了下游地区,说明新疆主要地州的碳污染主要来自于本地源。元素数据分析结果结合后向轨迹与Ca/Al比可知:4月19日PM10峰值的出现是由于外部沙尘源引起,沙尘起源并非塔克拉玛干沙漠的本地源,且沙尘来源方向为北方和西方,且发源地和途经地区并无大型沙漠。5月1日的沙尘气团大概可判断其传播路径为伊拉克-里海-伊朗-阿富汗-土库曼斯坦-中国南缘喀什。由该两条轨迹可初步推断新疆南缘在春季风沙天时,受本地源污染并不严重,大部分沙尘均起源于中国北部和西部的一些相邻国家,且发源地和沿途并未出现大型沙漠。
[Abstract]:In this paper, by means of comparative analysis, correlation analysis, backward trajectory method and element marking method, The data of mass concentration, ion and element and carbon in spring (4.15-5.4) and summer (8.18-9.3) in the southern margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, were analyzed and explored in different regions and seasons. Two large sand and dust events were captured, and the tracing of the trace and characteristic elements was carried out. The results are as follows: (1) the sampling stations in the southern margin of Xinjiang are affected by the dust weather in spring to varying degrees, and the maximum ratio of dust to dust can reach 100%. (2) the daily concentration data of particulate matter in summer have greatly increased compared with that in spring. And the background data show that the seasonal variation of the mass concentration of background points is reasonable and shows its background characteristics. (3) during the spring sampling period, two heavily polluted days were caught on April 19 and May 1, respectively. According to the weight order of PM10 and PM2.5, we can infer that the dust source in spring in this study area probably comes from the west or north. The main ions in PM10 are SO42- and Cl-, Ca2 and Na. The ion composition in Aksu area is the largest, but the total ion concentration in Aksu is almost unchanged, which indicates that the dust day can not change the ion concentration in air particles significantly. The secondary organic carbon pollution in the southern edge of Xinjiang is very serious, but the background point Changji and the control point Hami are not affected by the wind and sand weather. The local carbon was transported to the lower reaches in spring, indicating that the carbon pollution mainly came from local sources in the main prefectures of Xinjiang. The results of element data analysis combined with Ca/Al show that the peak value of PM10 on April 19 was caused by external dust sources, which were not native sources of Taklimakan desert, and the direction of dust sources was north and west. There are no large deserts in the region of origin and passage. The path of dust and air mass on May 1 can probably be judged as Iraq-Caspian Sea Iran-Afghanistan-Turkmen and Kashgar on the southern margin of China. From these two tracks, it can be inferred that the southern margin of Xinjiang is not seriously polluted by local sources during the windy and sandy days in spring. Most of the dust originated from some neighboring countries in the north and west of China, and there are no large deserts in its origin and along the way.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X513

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