城市大气环境安全距离测度模型与应用

发布时间：2018-10-08 18:31

【摘要】：随着城市规模的扩大以及城市群的增加,城市之间的重叠污染现象日益显现,如何解决这一问题,成为关注的热点.提出大气环境安全距离指数(AEI)用于评估城市之间重叠污染,建立大气环境安全距离优化模型,分别是:污染物总量削减优化模型,污染源空间位置优化模型和城市之间下垫面土地利用类型优化模型.以H地区为例,评估了SO_2和NOx两种污染物在基准年排放量情景下,H地区与相邻5个地区之间的大气环境安全距离.结果表明,H地区与K地区之间的AEI大于1,揭示两者之间存在重叠污染现象.采用3种优化模型对H地区与K地区进行优化,结果显示,通过削减H地区污染物排放量可实现两个地区大气环境安全距离的目标,H区SO_2和NOx排放量需在基准年的基础上分别削减62.3%和63.7%.通过调整H地区污染源空间位置,污染源整体需向西南方向移动,H区与相关客体之间的单指标污染扩散距离可达标,其中SO_2的AEI介于0.15~1.00,NOx的AEI介于0.17~1.00;通过对两个地区之间下垫面土地利用优化,在一定程度上可改善H地区和客体之间的大气环境安全距离,H地区与K地区之间SO_2和NOx的AEI比实际分别降低了8.8%和0.9%.
[Abstract]:With the expansion of urban scale and the increase of urban agglomeration, the phenomenon of overlapping pollution between cities appears day by day. How to solve this problem has become a hot spot. The atmospheric environmental safety distance index (AEI) is proposed to evaluate the overlapping pollution between cities and to establish the optimal model of the atmospheric environmental safety distance, which are: the total pollutant reduction optimization model. Spatial location optimization model of pollution source and land use type optimization model of underlying surface between cities. Taking H region as an example, the atmospheric environmental safety distance between H region and five adjacent regions was evaluated under the base year emission scenarios of SO_2 and NOx. The results show that the AEI between H region and K area is greater than 1, which reveals the overlap pollution between the two regions. Three optimization models are used to optimize H and K regions. The results show that, SO_2 and NOx emissions in H region should be reduced by 62.3% and 63.7% respectively on the basis of base year. By adjusting the spatial position of pollution source in H area, the whole pollution source should move to the southwest direction and reach the standard of single index pollution diffusion distance between H area and related objects. The AEI of SO_2 is between 0.15 and 1.00, and the AEI of no _ x is 0.170.The land use of the underlying surface between the two regions is optimized, To some extent, the AEI of SO_2 and NOx between H region and K area can be improved by 8.8% and 0.9%, respectively.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室流域水生态保护技术研究室;云南大学生态学与环境学院;
【基金】：云南省基础研究计划青年项目(Y0120160068)
【分类号】：X51

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