外胡水库和金坑岭水库富营养化问题成因分析及治理对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:36

【摘要】：浦江县外胡和金坑岭两座水库自投入运行以来,很好地发挥了以耕地灌溉、饮用水供给为主,结合防洪、发电、养殖等综合利用的功效,但近年来,由于水库生活排污以及农业施用化肥、农药等多方位因素的影响使水体受到了污染,藻华现象时有发生,已经对浦江县农村饮水安全乃至城市供水产生严重威胁并在村民中埋下了不安全的隐患。为贯彻落实中央国务院文件中关于“巩固提升农村的饮用水安全”的精神,保证浦江县农村供水安全,确保农村饮水工程长期发挥效益,本文对这两座水库展开水质现状监测分析,并实地调查分析水库外源污染源和内源污染源,研究水体富营养化的成因,并提出切实可行的综合防治和整改措施,以降低污染源对两座水库水质的影响,也为当地政府开展农村人居环境治理工作提供参考依据。本论文得到的主要研究结论如下:一、对外胡和金坑岭水库水质现状进行检测分析得出,除总氮和总磷以外,两个水库的其它各项水质指标均较好,达到集中式生活饮用水地表水源地一级保护区标准。分别采用单项指标法、加权综合评分法和综合营养状态指数法对两个水库进行富营养化程度评价,三种方法评价结果均表明两个水库均属中-富营养类型;对比国内部分水库发生水华现象时富营养化指标监测值,外胡和金坑岭水库的水质指标已达到或超过富营养化控制标准,因此外胡和金坑岭水库也存在着蓝藻大量爆发的潜在危机。二、对外胡和金坑岭水库外源污染源进行分析研究得出,两个水库氮的来源主要为点源污染中的生活垃圾以及面源污染中的化肥,磷的来源主要为点源污染中的畜禽养殖以及面源污染中的化肥。在外源污染源中,农田过量施用化肥,生活垃圾和生活污水的直接排放,以及畜禽养殖废物通过地表径流进入水库是外胡和金坑岭水库主要的外源污染因素,必须在这几方面进行综合防治。三、对外胡和金坑岭水库内源污染源进行分析研究得出,两个水库的底泥中氮、磷含量较高,而底泥淤泥量在水库总库容中占比较大,所以底泥是水库营养物质的重要蓄积库。对外胡和金坑岭水库进行清淤,既能增加水库的蓄水能力,又可以改善水库水质,从而彻底解决困扰水库底泥内源二次污染的问题。四、对外胡和金坑岭两个水库水质治理的最佳方案是采取工程治理与生态修复相结合的综合防治技术,应结合水库当地环境进行综合考虑,结合社会经济因素选出最佳的治理技术工艺,建立健康的水库生态系统,同时提高水体自净能力,达到外胡和金坑岭水库水环境质量的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Since the two reservoirs of Huhe Jinkengling, outside Pujiang County, have been put into operation, they have played a good role in the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land irrigation, drinking water supply, combined with flood control, electricity generation and aquaculture, etc. But in recent years, As a result of the effects of various factors, such as reservoir sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizer and pesticides, the water body is polluted, and algae blooms occur from time to time. It has posed a serious threat to the rural drinking water safety and even the urban water supply in Pujiang County, and buried the hidden trouble of insecurity among the villagers. In order to implement the spirit of the document of the Central Committee of the State Council on "consolidating and improving the safety of drinking water in rural areas," to ensure the safety of water supply in the rural areas of Pujiang County, and to ensure that the drinking water project in rural areas will bring into full In this paper, the present situation of water quality in these two reservoirs is monitored and analyzed, and the external and internal sources of pollution are investigated and analyzed, the causes of eutrophication of water body are studied, and practical and feasible measures for comprehensive prevention and rectification are put forward. In order to reduce the impact of pollution sources on the water quality of the two reservoirs, it also provides a reference for the local government to carry out the rural human settlements environmental control work. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, the current situation of water quality in Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir is analyzed. The results show that the water quality indexes of the two reservoirs are good except total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Meet the standard of centralized drinking water surface water source protection area. The eutrophication degree of the two reservoirs was evaluated by single index method, weighted comprehensive score method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results of the three methods showed that the two reservoirs belong to the mid-eutrophication type. Comparing with the monitoring value of eutrophication index in some reservoirs in China when Shui Hua occurs, the water quality index of Waihuhe Jinkengling Reservoir has reached or exceeded the eutrophication control standard. Therefore, there is a potential crisis of large amount of cyanobacteria erupting in Waihuhe Jinkengling Reservoir. Second, through the analysis of the external sources of external pollution in the Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir, it is concluded that the nitrogen sources of the two reservoirs are mainly domestic waste from point source pollution and chemical fertilizer from non-point source pollution. The main sources of phosphorus are livestock breeding in point source pollution and chemical fertilizer in non-point source pollution. Among the external pollution sources, the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in farmland, the direct discharge of domestic refuse and domestic sewage, and the entry of livestock and poultry wastes into the reservoir through surface runoff are the main exogenous pollution factors in the Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir. Comprehensive prevention and treatment must be carried out in these areas. Thirdly, the internal sources of pollution sources in the Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir are analyzed and studied. The results show that the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the sediment of the two reservoirs are high, and the silt content of the sediment accounts for a large part of the total reservoir capacity, so the sediment is an important accumulation of nutrients in the reservoir. The desilting of the Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir can not only increase the water storage capacity of the reservoir but also improve the water quality of the reservoir so as to solve the problem of secondary pollution of the reservoir sediment. Fourth, the best plan for water quality control of the two reservoirs in Huhe Jinkengling Reservoir is to adopt a comprehensive prevention and control technology that combines engineering management with ecological restoration, which should be considered comprehensively in the light of the local environment of the reservoir. Combined with social and economic factors, the best treatment technology was selected to establish a healthy reservoir ecosystem, and to improve the self-purification ability of water body to achieve the sustainable development of water environment quality of Waihuhe Jinkengling Reservoir.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X524

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