石墨烯电极在电化学法去除水体铅离子中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 13:26

【摘要】：随着铅冶炼、铅再生和蓄电池等行业的快速发展,产生大量铅污染工业废水,如果未经处理直接排放到水体中,则会严重危害人们的健康。处理重金属污染废水不仅可以提高水环境质量,还可以回收利用部分重金属。电化学法作为处理铅污染废水的传统方法,有着处理速度快、无二次污染和实现金属铅资源的回收利用等优点。本文研究中,作者分别以不锈钢网和泡沫镍为载体,研究了氧化石墨烯在两种载体上不同的电化学还原过程,并用绿色方便的电化学法成功制备了石墨烯电极。此外,进行了不锈钢网为载体的石墨烯电极电化学去除水体铅离子的应用研究。研究发现,该电极具有电流密度大和反应速度快、效率高等优点。经过200min处理含铅水溶液,铅的去除率高达97.2%。反应动力学研究发现,该去除反应符合一级动力学反应,去除速率更高达1.05×10~(-3) mol L~(-1) S~(-1)。与单纯的不锈钢网电极相比,去除速率增加了4.45倍。同时,石墨烯电极表现出了极大的抗腐蚀性,相比于不锈钢网电极,其在0.1M NaCl和0.1M HCl溶液中的极化阻抗分别提高了55.3%和89.5%。而且,该电极能够在稀硝酸溶液中再生,再生电极也表现出良好的性能。本文的研究结果表明,氧化石墨烯的一步电化学还原在不同基体上存在不同的还原过程,石墨烯电极在电化学去除水体铅离子应用中的优良性能。石墨烯电极应用到电化学法去除水体铅离子应用中性能优良、稳定。大幅提高了电化学处理方法的处理速度和电极的性能,为石墨烯应用到电化学去除水体中重金属离子提供了理论指导。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of lead smelting, lead regeneration and battery industry, a large amount of lead-polluted industrial wastewater is produced. If discharged directly into the water without treatment, it will seriously harm the health of people. The treatment of heavy metal pollution wastewater can not only improve the quality of water environment, but also recover some heavy metals. As a traditional method of treating lead-polluted wastewater, electrochemical method has the advantages of fast treatment, no secondary pollution and the realization of recovery and utilization of lead resources. In this paper, the different electrochemical reduction processes of graphene oxide on two kinds of carriers were studied, using stainless steel mesh and nickel foam as carriers, respectively. Graphene electrode was successfully prepared by green and convenient electrochemical method. In addition, the electrochemical removal of lead ion from water by graphene electrode with stainless steel mesh as carrier was studied. It is found that the electrode has the advantages of high current density, high reaction speed and high efficiency. The removal rate of lead in aqueous solution treated with 200min is as high as 97.2g. It was found that the removal rate was as high as 1.05 脳 10 ~ (-3) mol L ~ (-1) S ~ (-1), and the removal rate was as high as 1.05 脳 10 ~ (-3) mol / L ~ (-1) S ~ (-1). Compared with stainless steel mesh electrode, the removal rate increased 4.45 times. At the same time, graphene electrode showed great corrosion resistance. Compared with stainless steel grid electrode, the polarization impedance of graphene electrode in 0.1M NaCl and 0.1M HCl solution was increased by 55.3% and 89.5%, respectively. Moreover, the electrode can be regenerated in dilute nitric acid solution, and the regenerated electrode has good performance. The results show that the one-step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide has different reduction processes on different substrates and the graphene electrode has excellent performance in the application of electrochemical removal of lead ions in water. The application of graphene electrode to electrochemical removal of lead ion in water is of good performance and stability. The treatment speed of electrochemical treatment method and the performance of electrode are greatly improved, which provides theoretical guidance for the application of graphene to electrochemical removal of heavy metal ions in water.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703

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