人工湿地氮去除关键功能微生物生态学研究进展

发布时间：2018-10-31 20:09

【摘要】：人工湿地是一种能有效处理水体氮素污染的生态技术,其中微生物是驱动人工湿地系统中氮素去除的重要引擎。近20年来,随着分子生物学技术的广泛应用,有关人工湿地氮去除功能微生物生态学方面研究取得了一些重要进展。以硝化-反硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用这两种重要的人工湿地微生物脱氮途径为主,针对氨氧化细菌/古菌、厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化菌等关键脱氮功能微生物的研究,重点归纳总结了目前有关这几类关键功能菌群在人工湿地中的丰度、活性、多样性、分布特征与影响因素,及其对废水中氮去除的作用,并在此基础上对今后的重点研究工作提出了展望。面向未来人工湿地氮去除关键功能微生物的研究应侧重其在污水净化和温室气体减排等方面的生态功能研究,同时加强其代谢过程与机制以及不同功能菌群间的关联研究。
[Abstract]:Constructed wetland is an ecological technology which can effectively deal with nitrogen pollution in water body, in which microorganism is the important engine driving nitrogen removal in constructed wetland system. In the past 20 years, with the wide application of molecular biological techniques, some important advances have been made in the study of microbial ecology of nitrogen removal function in constructed wetlands. Nitrification-denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation are two important ways of denitrification in constructed wetland. The key denitrification microorganisms such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria / archaea, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria are studied. The abundance, activity, diversity, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of these critical functional flora in constructed wetland were summarized, and their effects on nitrogen removal in wastewater were summarized. On this basis, the future key research work is prospected. The study of nitrogen removal from constructed wetland in the future should focus on its ecological function in sewage purification and greenhouse gas emission reduction, and strengthen its metabolic process and mechanism, as well as the relationship between different functional microbial communities.
【作者单位】：中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室;中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙农业环境监测研究站;
【基金】：中国博士后基金项目(2014M560648;2015T80878) 国家自然科学基金项目(41601272)
【分类号】：X37;X703

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