基于地表覆盖分类的生态环境人为干扰度分析——以北京市为例

发布时间：2018-11-04 07:57

【摘要】：利用北京市2007年和2015年高精度地表覆盖分类数据,结合人为干扰理论构建了基于地表覆盖分类的人为干扰度分级体系,并采用基于面积权重的综合人为干扰指数模型,从行政边界、格网和主体功能区尺度,对北京市地表覆盖的人为干扰程度及其动态变化状况进行了定量分析与评估。结果表明:1)2007—2015年北京市重度干扰类型地表覆盖面积大幅减少,其他干扰类型地表面积均呈增加趋势,其中中度干扰和完全干扰类型地表覆盖面积增加最显著,分别增加1.97%和1.44%;2)人为干扰指数空间分布呈现以太行山脉和燕山山脉为界,山麓以北和西南区域较低,东南地区以及延庆县西南、密云县中部区域较高,并以东城区、西城区为中心向周边扩散的空间格局;3)北京市人为干扰指数总体呈降低趋势,各区县中东城区、西城区、丰台区和朝阳区人为干扰指数较高,怀柔区、门头沟区和密云县人为干扰指数较低,石景山区、大兴区和通州区两期人为干扰指数变化较大,分别达到0.14、-0.15和-0.11;4)北京市各主体功能区的人为干扰指数由高到低依次为:首都核心功能区、城市功能拓展区、城市发展新区、生态涵养发展区和禁止开发区,其中城市发展新区两期人为干扰指数变化较大,其变化值为-0.10。总体上看,2007—2015年各主体功能区的人为干扰指数变化基本符合北京市主体功能区规划。
[Abstract]:Based on the high precision ground cover classification data of Beijing in 2007 and 2015, the artificial disturbance classification system based on land cover classification is constructed, and the synthetic artificial disturbance index model based on area weight is adopted. From the administrative boundary, grid and main function area scale, the degree of human disturbance and its dynamic change of the ground cover in Beijing are quantitatively analyzed and evaluated. The results are as follows: 1) from 2007 to 2015, the coverage area of severe disturbance type in Beijing decreased significantly, and the surface area of other types of disturbance all showed an increasing trend, among which the surface coverage area of degree interference type and complete interference type increased most significantly. 1.97% and 1.44%, respectively; 2) the spatial distribution of anthropogenic disturbance index is bounded by Taihang mountain range and Yanshan mountain range, the north and southwest regions of the foothills are lower, the southeast area and the southwest of Yanqing county, the middle area of Miyun county are higher, and the eastern urban area is the same. Xicheng District is the spatial pattern that the center diffuses to the periphery; 3) the human disturbance index of Beijing is decreasing, and the human disturbance index is higher in Dongcheng District, Xicheng District, Fengtai District and Chaoyang District, but lower in Huairou District, Mentougou District and Miyun County, and in Shijingshan District. In Daxing area and Tongzhou area, the anthropogenic disturbance index changed greatly, reaching 0.140-0.15 and -0.11 respectively. 4) the human disturbance index of each main function area in Beijing is in order of capital core function area, urban function development area, new urban development area, ecological conservation development area and forbidden development zone. The change of anthropogenic disturbance index in the two periods of the new urban development area is-0. 10. On the whole, the change of human disturbance index in each main function area from 2007 to 2015 is basically in line with the planning of Beijing main function area.
【作者单位】：兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院;甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室;国家测绘产品质量检验测试中心;中国测绘科学研究院;
【基金】：城市空间信息工程北京市重点实验室经费资助项目(2016102) 融合高分辨率卫星影像与多源空间数据的地理国情普查城市地物自动分类方法(41371406) 专题性地理国情监测(B1605) 京津冀地区基础国情综合分析(E1610)资助
【分类号】：X171.1

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