鄱阳湖蝶形湖泊水体氮磷等的变化及污染初步评价

发布时间：2018-11-15 16:13

【摘要】：分别于2014年夏季7月和冬季12月对鄱阳湖蝶形水域的9个湖泊进行了采样,并对湖泊水质基础性指标TN、TP、NH_3-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、溶解性磷酸盐、TOC、COD_(Mn)和叶绿素a进行了测定与分析。据此同时运用单因素评价法、均值型指数综合评价法和营养状态指数法对鄱阳湖蝶形水域的地表水水环境的污染现状和污染程度进行了评价,以更全面和准确地反映鄱阳湖蝶形水域的水质状况。结果显示:(1)鄱阳湖蝶形水域水质总体符合GB3838-2002III类水标准;(2)7月水质总体优于12月水质。12月总氮含量和总磷含量基本都高于7月,叶绿素a含量除中湖池12月值略低于7月外,其它点位12月值均高于7月。7月总氮值为0.6~1.3 mg/L,总磷值为0.02~0.15 mg/L,叶绿素a为2.2~6.7 mg/L;12月总氮值为0.6~2.0 mg/L,总磷值为0.04~0.19 mg/L,叶绿素a为3.8~34.7 mg/L;(3)7月和12月水质营养状态介于中营养和轻度富营养,水体主要污染物质为总氮和总磷。7月蚌湖营养状态为轻度富营养,其它点位为中营养,12月除常湖、梅溪湖和大汊湖营养状态为中营养,其它点位均为轻度富营养;(4)位于南部的象湖、常湖、白沙湖和大汊湖水质整体较其它蝶形湖泊差,主要是受到工业废水、生活污水和农业面源污染的赣江和饶河的污染输入影响所致。基于以上调查测试结果提出保护和改善鄱阳湖水环境的可行性措施,以促进鄱阳湖蝶形水域水资源的开发利用,实现经济与环境及资源的协调可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Nine lakes in butterfly waters of Poyang Lake were sampled in summer July and December 2014, respectively, and the basic indexes of water quality of Poyang Lake, TN,TP,NH_3-N,NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N, dissolved phosphate, TOC, were sampled. COD_ (Mn) and chlorophyll a were determined and analyzed. Based on this, the pollution status and pollution degree of surface water environment in butterfly waters of Poyang Lake were evaluated by using single factor evaluation method, mean index comprehensive evaluation method and nutrition state index method at the same time. In order to reflect the water quality of butterfly water in Poyang Lake more comprehensively and accurately. The results showed that: (1) the water quality of butterfly water in Poyang Lake was in accordance with GB3838-2002III water standard; (2) the water quality in July was generally superior to that in December, the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in December were basically higher than those in July, and the chlorophyll a content was slightly lower than that in July except in the middle lake pond. In July, the total nitrogen value was 0.6? 1. 3 mg/L, total phosphorus value was 0. 02? 0. 15 mg/L, chlorophyll a was 2. 2 0. 7 mg/L;. The total nitrogen value in December was 0.6? 0. 0 mg/L, the total phosphorus value was 0. 04? 0. 19 mg/L,. Chlorophyll a was 3. 8? M 34.7 mg/L;. (3) the nutrient status of water quality in July and December was between medium nutrition and mild eutrophication, the main pollutants were total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the nutrient status of mussel lake in July was mild eutrophication, the other point was medium nutrition, except Changhu Lake in December. The nutritional status of Meixi Lake and Dachihu Lake is medium nutrition, while the other points are mildly eutrophication. (4) the water quality of Xianghu Lake, Changhu Lake, Baisha Lake and Dachihu Lake in the south is worse than that of other butterfly lakes, which is mainly caused by the pollution input of Ganjiang River and Rao River polluted by industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the above investigation and test results, the feasible measures to protect and improve the water environment of Poyang Lake are put forward in order to promote the exploitation and utilization of water resources in the butterfly waters of Poyang Lake and to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of economy, environment and resources.
【作者单位】：南京林业大学生物与环境学院;中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所;江苏省生态环境评估中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31270746) 江苏省六大人才高峰(2013-JZ-014) 住房和城乡建设部科学技术项目计划(2016-R2-068) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目~~
【分类号】：X824

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