便携式X荧光仪在重金属水污染检测中的应用

发布时间：2018-11-27 12:31

【摘要】：污染问题是一个全球尺度上的环境问题,而采矿业是各类重金属污染中最严重的来源之一,便携式X荧光光谱仪作为一种快速、无损、经济并且可以对多元素测量的测试手段已经被广泛的应用到了土壤中重金属元素含量的测定,而其相对高的检出限和水对设备的损害是制约其在水污染检测中应用的主要因素。然而,ppm级别的检出限已经满足分析被重金属污染的工业水体的要求。在本研究中,讨论了利用便携式X荧光仪实地分析含金属溶液的可能性,定量评价了可能影响便携式X荧光仪读数的若干因素例如隔水膜厚度、设备和样品距离、X射线的穿透深度等。通过便携式X荧光仪对硫酸铜和醋酸铅标准溶液的分析,发现了便携式X荧光仪读数和溶液中元素的实际含量呈现较高的线性关系(R20.99),并且建立了线性回归方程来描述两者的关系。通过模拟试验认为,X射线在溶液中的穿透深度小于4 mm。最后,对霍各乞铜矿床进行了野外的验证。该矿床的部分低品位铜矿石利用堆浸法提取金属铜。基于对所采样品的分析认为便携式X荧光仪可以实现对80~220 ppm含铜溶液的分析,并且结果与实验室ICP-MS结果呈较好的线性关系(R20.99)。最后,认为便携式X荧光仪适用于重金属水体污染的检测,例如选矿业的环境监测以及突发污染事件的环境评价。
[Abstract]:Pollution is an environmental problem on a global scale, and the mining industry is one of the most serious sources of heavy metal pollution. The economic and multi-element measurement method has been widely used to determine the content of heavy metals in soil, and its relatively high detection limit and water damage to equipment are the main factors restricting its application in water pollution detection. However, ppm-level detection limits have met the requirements for the analysis of industrial water contaminated by heavy metals. In this study, the possibility of field analysis of metal-containing solution by portable X-ray fluorescence instrument is discussed, and some factors that may influence the reading of portable X-ray fluorescence instrument, such as the thickness of water barrier film, the distance between the equipment and the sample, are quantitatively evaluated. The penetration depth of X-ray, etc. Through the analysis of standard solution of copper sulfate and lead acetate by portable X-ray fluorescence instrument, it was found that the reading of portable X-ray fluorescence instrument had a high linear relationship with the actual content of elements in the solution (R20.99). A linear regression equation is established to describe the relationship between the two. The experimental results show that the penetration depth of X-ray in solution is less than 4 mm.. Finally, the field verification of Huogeqi copper deposit is carried out. Some low grade copper ores from the deposit are extracted by heap leaching method. Based on the analysis of the samples taken, it is considered that the portable X-ray fluorescence instrument can be used to analyze the copper solution of 80N220 ppm, and the results are linear with the results of laboratory ICP-MS (R20.99). Finally, it is considered that the portable X-ray fluorescence instrument is suitable for the detection of heavy metal water pollution, such as environmental monitoring of mining industry and environmental assessment of sudden pollution events.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X832

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