汉江汉中平川段鱼类生境特征及模拟研究
发布时间：2018-12-16 14:27
【摘要】：汉江属长江水系,为长江中游的一级支流。汉中平川段流经陕西省汉中盆地, 土地肥沃,自然条件优越,具有重要的生态功能,而且也是汉中市经济社会最发达的地区,在整个汉江上游乃至陕南都有重要的地位。本文以汉江城市桥闸下游约10km典型鱼类生境河段为例,以平川段代表性的优势种宽鳍渞为生境研究目标鱼类,以桥闸不同运行方式下的多个流量水平使用MIKE21对研究河段进行二维模拟计算,进而使用ArcGIS分析了流量变化与鱼类生境质量-面积的响应关系,总结了流量与汉江汉中平川段优势种鱼类生境的响应规律。主要研究内容如卜:(1)进行了针对平川段干流的水生生态调查,掌握了平川段河流水生生态基本状况,尤其是鱼类种群基本状态、鱼类三场的分布,为后文选择代表性河段和以优势种宽鳍渞为目标鱼类研究鱼类生境模拟提供理论依据。(2)建立了针对汉江汉中平川段河流健康评价体系并对平川段河道现状进行了分段评价。根据河段现状,平川段干流大部分河段为优良的健康状态,38%为一般状态,仅有11%的河段为不健康。不健康的河段主要原因是河道内工程施工和采砂作业破坏了河道原有水力学环境,从而对河道水生生态产生不良影响。(3)进行了鱼类生境对流量变化的响应模拟研究。随着模拟流量水平从较大流量开始降低,鱼类生境总面积整体逐渐增加,并在流量为53.1 m3/s时达到最大,在此之后随着流量水平进一步降低鱼类生境总面积开始减小。在各个流量水平下,鱼类生境面积中等质量生境面积最多其次是高质量生境面积,低质量生境面积最少。在流量水平降低的过程中,鱼类生境由低质量向高质量或者有高质量向低质量的转变要优先于其面积增长与消殁的发生。
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River belongs to the Yangtze River and is a first-class tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Hanzhong Pingchuan section flows through the Hanzhong Basin of Shaanxi Province, with fertile land, superior natural conditions and important ecological functions. It is also the most developed area of economy and society in Hanzhong City, and plays an important role in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and even in South Shaanxi. In this paper, the typical fish habitat of 10km in the lower reaches of Hanjiang city bridge sluice is taken as an example, and the dominant species in Pingchuan section is studied as the habitat target fish. In this paper, MIKE21 is used to simulate and calculate the two dimensional flow level of the studied river with different operation modes of bridge sluice, and then the response relationship between the flow change and the quality and area of fish habitat is analyzed by ArcGIS. The response law of the dominant species fish habitat in Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River was summarized. The main contents of the study are as follows: (1) the basic aquatic ecological status of the river in Pingchuan section, especially the basic status of the fish population and the distribution of the three fields of fish, has been investigated in view of the main stream of Pingchuan section, and the basic condition of aquatic ecology of the river in Pingchuan section has been grasped. It provides a theoretical basis for the later selection of representative river reach and the study of fish habitat simulation with dominant species wide fin clear as the target fish. (2) A river health evaluation system for Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is established and the current situation of the river in Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is also discussed. A sectional evaluation was carried out. According to the present situation of the reach, most of the main reaches of Pingchuan reach are in good health, 38% are general, and only 11% are unhealthy. The main reason for the unhealthy reach is that the engineering construction and sand mining in the river have destroyed the original hydraulic environment of the river and have a negative impact on the aquatic ecology of the river. (3) the response of fish habitat to the change of the flow rate has been simulated. As the simulated flow level began to decrease from the larger flow level, the total area of fish habitat gradually increased, and reached the maximum when the flow rate was 53.1 m3 / s, and then the total area of fish habitat began to decrease with the decrease of flow level. Under different flow levels, the area of middle quality habitat was the most of fish habitat area, followed by high quality habitat area, and low quality habitat area was the least. The change of fish habitat from low quality to high quality or from high quality to low quality is prior to the occurrence of area growth and extinction.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.8;X824
[Abstract]:The Hanjiang River belongs to the Yangtze River and is a first-class tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Hanzhong Pingchuan section flows through the Hanzhong Basin of Shaanxi Province, with fertile land, superior natural conditions and important ecological functions. It is also the most developed area of economy and society in Hanzhong City, and plays an important role in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and even in South Shaanxi. In this paper, the typical fish habitat of 10km in the lower reaches of Hanjiang city bridge sluice is taken as an example, and the dominant species in Pingchuan section is studied as the habitat target fish. In this paper, MIKE21 is used to simulate and calculate the two dimensional flow level of the studied river with different operation modes of bridge sluice, and then the response relationship between the flow change and the quality and area of fish habitat is analyzed by ArcGIS. The response law of the dominant species fish habitat in Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River was summarized. The main contents of the study are as follows: (1) the basic aquatic ecological status of the river in Pingchuan section, especially the basic status of the fish population and the distribution of the three fields of fish, has been investigated in view of the main stream of Pingchuan section, and the basic condition of aquatic ecology of the river in Pingchuan section has been grasped. It provides a theoretical basis for the later selection of representative river reach and the study of fish habitat simulation with dominant species wide fin clear as the target fish. (2) A river health evaluation system for Hanzhong Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is established and the current situation of the river in Pingchuan section of the Hanjiang River is also discussed. A sectional evaluation was carried out. According to the present situation of the reach, most of the main reaches of Pingchuan reach are in good health, 38% are general, and only 11% are unhealthy. The main reason for the unhealthy reach is that the engineering construction and sand mining in the river have destroyed the original hydraulic environment of the river and have a negative impact on the aquatic ecology of the river. (3) the response of fish habitat to the change of the flow rate has been simulated. As the simulated flow level began to decrease from the larger flow level, the total area of fish habitat gradually increased, and reached the maximum when the flow rate was 53.1 m3 / s, and then the total area of fish habitat began to decrease with the decrease of flow level. Under different flow levels, the area of middle quality habitat was the most of fish habitat area, followed by high quality habitat area, and low quality habitat area was the least. The change of fish habitat from low quality to high quality or from high quality to low quality is prior to the occurrence of area growth and extinction.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958.8;X824
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