淮河上游大气中有机污染物的污染特征和沉降通量
发布时间：2018-12-16 22:15
【摘要】：本论文以淮河上游(河南段)的大气环境为对象,首次全面、系统地研究了2013-2014年气相和沉降颗粒相中多环芳烃(PAHs)、有机磷阻燃剂(PFRs)和正构烷烃(N-Alkanes)的含量特征、时空分布和沉降通量,从而弥补了我国对淮河上游大气中PAHs、PFRs和N-Alkanes研究的空缺,并为淮河区域的大气污染控制、持久性有机污染物数据库的建立以及环境管理提供了科学依据。论文的主要研究结论如下:(1)气相中PAHs的总浓度范围分别为3.61~425 ng/m3,平均浓度分别为110ng/m3;颗粒相样品中和483~2.54E+04 ng/g,平均浓度为6.70E+03 ng/g;两相中浓度最高的化合物均为菲。气相中PFRs总浓度的范围是458~1.83E+03 pg/m3,平均值为963pg/m3;颗粒相样品中PFRs总浓度的范围是220~4.56E+04 ng/g,平均值为5.49E+03ng/g。气相中N-Alkanes总浓度的范围是14.1~1.47E+04 ng/m3,平均浓度为3.42E+03ng/m3;颗粒相中N-Alkanes总浓度处于8.22E+04~3.12E+06 ng/g,平均值为5.32E+05ng/g,两相中最主要的物质均为正二十九烷。(2)气相中PAHs总浓度的最大值出现在冬季,以2环和3环PAHs为主;颗粒相中PAHs总浓度的最大值也出现在冬季,以高环PAHs为主;冬季PAHs的主要原因可能是煤炭、发电等工业活动和汽车尾气排放。气相中PFRs浓度最大的季节为冬季,以烷基取代PFRs;颗粒相中PFRs浓度最高的季节是春季,以芳基取代PFRs为主;PFRs浓度的季节差异可能是由它们的使用量及物理化学性质决定的。气相和颗粒中N-Alkanes浓度最高的季节都是夏季,这是因为夏季旺盛生长的高等植物释放出了大量N-Alkanes,再加上汽车尾气的贡献。气相PAHs中总浓度的最大值出现在M2(肖王乡孙庄),以低环PAHs为主;颗粒相样品中PAHs的总浓度最大值出现在M5(花埠大桥),以高环PAHs为主。气相中PFRs总浓度的最大值出现在M2(肖王乡孙庄),以烷基取代PFRs为主;颗粒相样品中PFRs总浓度的最高值出现在M4(息县大埠口),以芳基取代PFRs为主。气相中和颗粒相中N-Alkanes的最高浓度均出现在M6,最主要化合物是正二十九烷。气相样品中N-Alanes浓度随碳数增加呈正态分布状,颗粒相样品中N-Alkanes浓度分布则具有一定的奇碳数优势。(3)PAHs的沉降通量范围为52.1~2.07E+03 ng/m2/d,其平均通量为388 ng/m2/d;PFRs总沉降通量的范围为66.9~1.12E+03 ng/m2/d,平均值为207 ng/m2/d;N-Alkanes总沉降通量的范围是3.98E+03~3.52E+05 ng/m2/d,平均值为3.78E+04 ng/m2/d。PAHs的最大沉降通量出现在冬季,高环数PAHs的沉降通量较大;PFRs的最大沉降通量出现在春季,其中芳基取代PFRs是沉降通量最大的物质;N-alkanes的最大沉降通量出现在夏季,正二十九烷的沉降通量最大。PAHs、PFRs和N-Alkanes的最大沉降通量分别出现在采样点M2(长台甘岸桥)、M4(息县大埠口)和M7(三河尖口)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the atmospheric environment in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River (Henan section) was studied for the first time. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gas phase and the precipitated particle phase in 2013-2014 were systematically studied in this paper. The content characteristics, space-time distribution and deposition flux of organophosphorus flame retardant (PFRs) and n-alkane (N-Alkanes) make up the gaps in the study of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in China, and control the air pollution in the area of Huaihe River. The establishment of pops database and environmental management provide scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average concentration range of PAHs in gas phase is 3.61g / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of PAHs is 6.70E _ (03) ng/g; in granular phase sample and 483N _ (2.54) E _ (04) ng/g, respectively. The highest concentration in both phases is phenanthrene. The range of total concentration of PFRs in gas phase is 458C 1.83E 03 pg/m3, average is 963pg / m 3, and the range of total PFRs concentration in granular phase sample is 220E 4.56E ng/g, average 5.49E 03ng / g. The average concentration of N-Alkanes in gas phase is 3.42E, 03ng / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of ng/m3, is 14.1E 1.47E / m ~ (3). The average ng/g, value of N-Alkanes in granular phase is 8.22E040.12E06 ng/g, is 5.32E05ng / g, the most important substance in both phases is n-29 alkane. (2) the maximum value of total PAHs concentration in gas phase appears in winter. 2 and 3 ring PAHs were dominant. The maximum of total PAHs concentration in granular phase also appeared in winter, mainly in high ring PAHs, and the main reasons of PAHs in winter may be coal, power generation and other industrial activities and automobile exhaust emissions. The highest concentration of PFRs in gas phase is in winter, and the highest concentration of PFRs in alkyl substituted PFRs; particles is in spring, with aryl substituted for PFRs, and the seasonal difference of PFRs concentration may be determined by their usage and physicochemical properties. The highest concentrations of N-Alkanes in the gas phase and particles are in summer, due to the release of a large amount of N-Alkanes-rich higher plants in summer, combined with the contribution of vehicle exhaust. The maximum value of total concentration of gas phase PAHs is M2 (Xiao Wang Xiang Sun Zhuang), mainly of low ring PAHs, and the maximum of total concentration of PAHs in granular phase appears in M5 (Huabu Bridge), mainly in high ring PAHs. The maximum value of total PFRs concentration in gas phase is M2 (Xiao Wangxiang Sunzhuang), alkyl substituted PFRs is dominant, and the highest value of PFRs total concentration in granular phase is M4 (Xixian Dabukou), and aryl is the main substitute for PFRs. The highest concentration of N-Alkanes in the gas-phase neutralized granular phase is in M _ 6, and the main compound is n ~ (29) alkane. The concentration distribution of N-Alanes in gas phase is normal distribution with the increase of carbon number, while the distribution of N-Alkanes concentration in granular phase has a certain odd carbon number advantage. (3) the deposition flux of PAHs is in the range of 52.1 / 2.07E / 03 ng/m2/d,. Its average flux is 388 ng/m2/d;. The range of PFRs total sedimentation flux is 66.9 ng/m2/d; 1.12E03 ng/m2/d, average is 207 ng/m2/d;. The range of N-Alkanes total sedimentation flux is 3.98E03C3.52E05 ng/m2/d, average value is 3.78E04 ng/m2/d.PAHs, the maximum sedimentation flux appears in winter, the high ring number PAHs sedimentation flux is larger; The maximum deposition flux of PFRs occurs in spring, in which aryl substituted PFRs is the largest deposition flux. The maximum deposition flux of N-alkanes occurs in summer and that of normal 29 alkane is the largest. The maximum deposition fluxes of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes occur at sampling sites M2 (Changtai Ganan Bridge), M4 (Xixian Dabkou) and M7 (Sanhejian mouth), respectively.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51
本文编号：2383127
[Abstract]:In this paper, the atmospheric environment in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River (Henan section) was studied for the first time. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gas phase and the precipitated particle phase in 2013-2014 were systematically studied in this paper. The content characteristics, space-time distribution and deposition flux of organophosphorus flame retardant (PFRs) and n-alkane (N-Alkanes) make up the gaps in the study of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes in the upper reaches of Huaihe River in China, and control the air pollution in the area of Huaihe River. The establishment of pops database and environmental management provide scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average concentration range of PAHs in gas phase is 3.61g / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of PAHs is 6.70E _ (03) ng/g; in granular phase sample and 483N _ (2.54) E _ (04) ng/g, respectively. The highest concentration in both phases is phenanthrene. The range of total concentration of PFRs in gas phase is 458C 1.83E 03 pg/m3, average is 963pg / m 3, and the range of total PFRs concentration in granular phase sample is 220E 4.56E ng/g, average 5.49E 03ng / g. The average concentration of N-Alkanes in gas phase is 3.42E, 03ng / m ~ (3), and the average concentration of ng/m3, is 14.1E 1.47E / m ~ (3). The average ng/g, value of N-Alkanes in granular phase is 8.22E040.12E06 ng/g, is 5.32E05ng / g, the most important substance in both phases is n-29 alkane. (2) the maximum value of total PAHs concentration in gas phase appears in winter. 2 and 3 ring PAHs were dominant. The maximum of total PAHs concentration in granular phase also appeared in winter, mainly in high ring PAHs, and the main reasons of PAHs in winter may be coal, power generation and other industrial activities and automobile exhaust emissions. The highest concentration of PFRs in gas phase is in winter, and the highest concentration of PFRs in alkyl substituted PFRs; particles is in spring, with aryl substituted for PFRs, and the seasonal difference of PFRs concentration may be determined by their usage and physicochemical properties. The highest concentrations of N-Alkanes in the gas phase and particles are in summer, due to the release of a large amount of N-Alkanes-rich higher plants in summer, combined with the contribution of vehicle exhaust. The maximum value of total concentration of gas phase PAHs is M2 (Xiao Wang Xiang Sun Zhuang), mainly of low ring PAHs, and the maximum of total concentration of PAHs in granular phase appears in M5 (Huabu Bridge), mainly in high ring PAHs. The maximum value of total PFRs concentration in gas phase is M2 (Xiao Wangxiang Sunzhuang), alkyl substituted PFRs is dominant, and the highest value of PFRs total concentration in granular phase is M4 (Xixian Dabukou), and aryl is the main substitute for PFRs. The highest concentration of N-Alkanes in the gas-phase neutralized granular phase is in M _ 6, and the main compound is n ~ (29) alkane. The concentration distribution of N-Alanes in gas phase is normal distribution with the increase of carbon number, while the distribution of N-Alkanes concentration in granular phase has a certain odd carbon number advantage. (3) the deposition flux of PAHs is in the range of 52.1 / 2.07E / 03 ng/m2/d,. Its average flux is 388 ng/m2/d;. The range of PFRs total sedimentation flux is 66.9 ng/m2/d; 1.12E03 ng/m2/d, average is 207 ng/m2/d;. The range of N-Alkanes total sedimentation flux is 3.98E03C3.52E05 ng/m2/d, average value is 3.78E04 ng/m2/d.PAHs, the maximum sedimentation flux appears in winter, the high ring number PAHs sedimentation flux is larger; The maximum deposition flux of PFRs occurs in spring, in which aryl substituted PFRs is the largest deposition flux. The maximum deposition flux of N-alkanes occurs in summer and that of normal 29 alkane is the largest. The maximum deposition fluxes of PAHs,PFRs and N-Alkanes occur at sampling sites M2 (Changtai Ganan Bridge), M4 (Xixian Dabkou) and M7 (Sanhejian mouth), respectively.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51
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