临汾市尧都区城郊农户生态足迹及其影响因子分析
发布时间：2018-12-18 09:17
【摘要】：随着经济社会的不断发展,资源、环境及经济发展之间的矛盾日益突出,引发了一系列严重的生态环境问题,对我们人类的生存和发展带来了严峻挑战。目前,中国乡村人口为6.74亿,占全国人口的50.32%,而农户家庭又是农村最主要的行为主体,其生产生活方式和消费结构是影响环境的重要因素。随着我国农村经济的发展以及农村生活质量的不断提高,农户对资源的需求量和废物的排放量日益加大,导致农村地区的环境质量日益恶化,生活用水和土壤安全受到严重威胁。农村是我国可持续发展的重点难点,也是我国近些年高度关注的地区,对于农户家庭的生产方式、消费结构和收入水平等对资源需求的影响研究,能够发现农户生产生活对环境影响的主要因素,对于农村地区的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文选取临汾市尧都区城郊七个乡镇的14个村庄作为研究对象,对各农户的生活、能源消耗和农业生产情况进行问卷调查。根据调查数据,利用生态足迹模型对城郊农户生态足迹进行了计算,并且对农户家庭生态足迹的构成和不同收入水平的家庭与生态足迹的关系进行了分析,最后利用SPSS软件分析了农户家庭生态足迹的影响因子。根据调查的数据分析结果可知:(1)临汾市尧都区城郊农户的人均生态足迹为1.5124gha2/人,人均生态承载力为0.5986gha2/人,人均生态赤字为0.9138gha2/人,人均生态占用是人均生态支撑能力的2.53倍。(2)在生态占用的构成中,耕地所占用的生产性土地面积比重最大,占总人均生态占用的比例为53.66%。农户的人均生态占用主要由农户生活消费生态占用和农业生产生态占用两部分构成,农户家庭生活消费和农业生产人均生态足迹分别占农户家庭总人均生态足迹的61.19%和38.81%。在各类消费品中,化石能源消耗生态足迹比重最大,其次为化肥和食物消耗的生态足迹。(3)不同收入水平家庭的生态足迹中,中等收入水平的家庭人均生态足迹最高,最低收入家庭的人均生态足迹最低;在差异性研究中,临汾市城郊地区农户家庭的基尼系数为0.39,属于相对合理的区间范围内,这表明该地区各农户家庭的生态足迹相对均衡。(4)利用多元线性回归模型分析的影响家庭人均生态足迹的主要因子为家庭耕地面积和家庭建筑占地面积。家庭耕地面积是影响当地农户家庭生态足迹最主要的影响因子,家庭耕地面积越大,所消耗的农药化肥相应增多,从而导致了生态足迹增大。为了降低农户生态足迹,在生活消费方面,农村地区应该倡导使用清洁能源,提高农民的节能环保意识,树立正确的消费观念;在农业生产方面,要减少对农药和化肥的依赖,多使用绿色有机肥料,对农田进行科学化管理,从而提高粮食和耕地质量,最终实现地区的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the contradiction between resources, environment and economic development is becoming more and more prominent, which has caused a series of serious ecological environmental problems, and has brought severe challenges to the survival and development of human beings. At present, the rural population of China is 674 million, accounting for 50.322.The peasant household is the main behavior subject in the countryside, and its production and life style and consumption structure are the important factors that affect the environment. With the development of rural economy and the improvement of rural life quality, farmers' demand for resources and waste emissions are increasing, which leads to the deterioration of environmental quality in rural areas. The safety of domestic water and soil is seriously threatened. The countryside is the key and difficult point of sustainable development in our country, and it is also the area that our country pays close attention to in recent years. The research on the influence of the mode of production, the consumption structure and the income level of the peasant household on the resource demand, etc. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural areas to find out the main factors that affect the environment. In this paper, 14 villages in seven towns in the suburbs of Yaodu District, Linfen City, were selected as the research objects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the life, energy consumption and agricultural production of the farmers. Based on the survey data, the ecological footprint of rural households in suburbs is calculated by using ecological footprint model, and the composition of household ecological footprint and the relationship between household and ecological footprint with different income levels are analyzed. Finally, SPSS software is used to analyze the influencing factors of household ecological footprint. According to the data analysis of the investigation, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) the per capita ecological footprint of rural households in Yaodu District of Linfen City is 1.5124gha2/, the per capita ecological carrying capacity is 0.5986gha2/, and the per capita ecological deficit is 0.9138gha2/. Per capita ecological occupation is 2.53 times of per capita ecological support capacity. (2) in the composition of ecological occupation, cultivated land occupies the largest proportion of productive land area, accounting for 53.66% of the total per capita ecological occupation. The per capita ecological occupation of peasant households is mainly composed of two parts: the ecological occupation of household life consumption and the ecological occupation of agricultural production. The per capita ecological footprint of household living consumption and agricultural production accounted for 61.19% and 38.81% of the total per capita ecological footprint, respectively. Among all kinds of consumer goods, the proportion of the ecological footprint of fossil energy consumption is the largest, followed by the ecological footprint of fertilizer and food consumption. (3) among the households with different income levels, the middle income families have the highest per capita ecological footprint. The lowest income households have the lowest ecological footprint per capita; In the difference study, the Gini coefficient of peasant households in the suburb area of Linfen is 0.39, which belongs to a relatively reasonable range. This indicates that the ecological footprint of the households in this area is relatively balanced. (4) the main factors affecting the ecological footprint of households per capita based on the multivariate linear regression model are the area of family cultivated land and the area of family building. The area of family cultivated land is the most important factor affecting the ecological footprint of local farmers. The larger the area of family cultivated land, the more pesticides and fertilizers consumed, which leads to the increase of ecological footprint. In order to reduce the ecological footprint of farmers, rural areas should advocate the use of clean energy, improve farmers' awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, and establish a correct consumption concept. In the aspect of agricultural production, we should reduce the dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, use more green organic fertilizers, and manage farmland scientifically, so as to improve the quality of grain and cultivated land, and finally realize the sustainable development of the region.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F327;X22
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the contradiction between resources, environment and economic development is becoming more and more prominent, which has caused a series of serious ecological environmental problems, and has brought severe challenges to the survival and development of human beings. At present, the rural population of China is 674 million, accounting for 50.322.The peasant household is the main behavior subject in the countryside, and its production and life style and consumption structure are the important factors that affect the environment. With the development of rural economy and the improvement of rural life quality, farmers' demand for resources and waste emissions are increasing, which leads to the deterioration of environmental quality in rural areas. The safety of domestic water and soil is seriously threatened. The countryside is the key and difficult point of sustainable development in our country, and it is also the area that our country pays close attention to in recent years. The research on the influence of the mode of production, the consumption structure and the income level of the peasant household on the resource demand, etc. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of rural areas to find out the main factors that affect the environment. In this paper, 14 villages in seven towns in the suburbs of Yaodu District, Linfen City, were selected as the research objects, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the life, energy consumption and agricultural production of the farmers. Based on the survey data, the ecological footprint of rural households in suburbs is calculated by using ecological footprint model, and the composition of household ecological footprint and the relationship between household and ecological footprint with different income levels are analyzed. Finally, SPSS software is used to analyze the influencing factors of household ecological footprint. According to the data analysis of the investigation, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) the per capita ecological footprint of rural households in Yaodu District of Linfen City is 1.5124gha2/, the per capita ecological carrying capacity is 0.5986gha2/, and the per capita ecological deficit is 0.9138gha2/. Per capita ecological occupation is 2.53 times of per capita ecological support capacity. (2) in the composition of ecological occupation, cultivated land occupies the largest proportion of productive land area, accounting for 53.66% of the total per capita ecological occupation. The per capita ecological occupation of peasant households is mainly composed of two parts: the ecological occupation of household life consumption and the ecological occupation of agricultural production. The per capita ecological footprint of household living consumption and agricultural production accounted for 61.19% and 38.81% of the total per capita ecological footprint, respectively. Among all kinds of consumer goods, the proportion of the ecological footprint of fossil energy consumption is the largest, followed by the ecological footprint of fertilizer and food consumption. (3) among the households with different income levels, the middle income families have the highest per capita ecological footprint. The lowest income households have the lowest ecological footprint per capita; In the difference study, the Gini coefficient of peasant households in the suburb area of Linfen is 0.39, which belongs to a relatively reasonable range. This indicates that the ecological footprint of the households in this area is relatively balanced. (4) the main factors affecting the ecological footprint of households per capita based on the multivariate linear regression model are the area of family cultivated land and the area of family building. The area of family cultivated land is the most important factor affecting the ecological footprint of local farmers. The larger the area of family cultivated land, the more pesticides and fertilizers consumed, which leads to the increase of ecological footprint. In order to reduce the ecological footprint of farmers, rural areas should advocate the use of clean energy, improve farmers' awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, and establish a correct consumption concept. In the aspect of agricultural production, we should reduce the dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, use more green organic fertilizers, and manage farmland scientifically, so as to improve the quality of grain and cultivated land, and finally realize the sustainable development of the region.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F327;X22
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