海洋主体功能区视域下的我国近海生态补偿模式研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 14:47

【摘要】：在海洋经济快速增长的同时,制约海洋经济发展的问题也逐渐显现,具体表现在:一是陆源排污压力增大,近岸海域污染加重;二是自然岸线侵蚀严重,海岸带面积不断缩减;三是典型生态系统不断退化,海洋生态健康受损;四是近岸海水污染加剧,生态环境灾害频发;五是海岛开发秩序混乱,岛屿生态破坏严重。加上海洋资源管理中市场失灵、政府失灵等原因,造成了日趋严重的海洋生态系统失衡。为此,建立海洋生态补偿模式、调整海洋资源开发相关利益者关系势在必行。对构建海洋生态补偿模式进行综合研究,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。一方面,系统研究海洋主体功能区内生态补偿模式的选择问题,符合国家合理开发利用海洋资源、保护海洋生态环境等政策与理论支持;另一方面,构建科学的海洋生态补偿模式对实现不同区域、不同群体之间和谐发展,促进经济社会可持续发展,协调海洋生态各方利益者的利益关系,保障国家的长治久安,具有较强的现实意义。本文运用文献分析、实证分析等方法和经济学、生态学、管理学等理论,系统整理国内外研究成果,归纳国内外有关海洋生态补偿内涵、海洋生态系统服务及价值评估、海洋生态管理、海洋产业生态化、海洋生态补偿标准和海洋生态补偿机制等研究前沿;结合我国目前的实际情况,由陆地到海洋分析近海生态环境状况,剖析海洋生态损害严重的制度根源、法律体系等结构性缺陷,尤其是各项单行法不统一,缺乏系统性和可操作性、权威性和约束力,缺乏明晰的海洋生态资源产权制度,海洋生态补偿方式单一,海洋生态补偿监管体制不健全等问题;在借鉴国内外经验模式的基础上,通过以市场为主导的生态补偿模式、政府为主导的生态补偿模式,分别分析优先重点开发区域、限制禁止开发区域,对市场为主导和政府为主导的两种海洋生态补偿模式的指导思想、基本原则、对象、方式、手段等基本要素进行论述;最后,从法律、体系、制度、资金、民众参与等方面分析了海洋生态补偿机制实施的障碍,以构建海洋生态补偿模式为主线分析不同海洋主体功能区生态补偿模式,提出了提出适合我国情况的海洋生态补偿模式及其实施措施。
[Abstract]:Along with the rapid growth of marine economy, the problems restricting the development of marine economy have gradually appeared, which are as follows: first, the pollution in coastal waters is aggravated due to the increase of pollution from land-based sources; second, the erosion of natural shoreline is serious, and the area of coastal zone is continuously reduced. Third, the typical ecosystem is continuously degraded, the marine ecological health is damaged; fourth, the coastal sea water pollution intensifies, the ecological environment disaster occurs frequently; the fifth is the island development order is chaotic, the island ecological damage is serious. In addition, the market failure and government failure in the management of marine resources lead to the increasingly serious imbalance of marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a marine ecological compensation model and adjust the relationship between relevant stakeholders in marine resource development. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study synthetically the construction of marine ecological compensation model. On the one hand, the selection of ecological compensation model in marine main function area is studied systematically, which is in line with the policy and theory support of the country to develop and utilize marine resources rationally and protect marine ecological environment. On the other hand, constructing a scientific model of marine ecological compensation can achieve harmonious development among different regions and groups, promote sustainable economic and social development, coordinate the interests of all parties in marine ecology, and ensure the long-term stability of the country. It has strong practical significance. Based on literature analysis, empirical analysis and theories of economics, ecology and management, this paper systematically collates the research results at home and abroad, and summarizes the connotation of marine ecological compensation, marine ecosystem services and value assessment, both at home and abroad. Marine ecological management, ecological marine industry, marine ecological compensation standards and marine ecological compensation mechanism; According to the present situation of our country, from land to sea, the paper analyzes the ecological environment in the coastal sea, analyzes the institutional root of the serious damage to marine ecology, the legal system and other structural defects, especially the disunity of the individual laws. Lack of systematization and maneuverability, authority and binding force, lack of clear property right system of marine ecological resources, single mode of marine ecological compensation, imperfect supervision system of marine ecological compensation, etc. On the basis of drawing lessons from the domestic and foreign experience, through the ecological compensation model with market as the leading mode and the government as the leading ecological compensation model, the paper analyzes the priority areas of development and limits the forbidden areas. This paper discusses the guiding ideology, basic principles, objects, ways and means of the two modes of marine ecological compensation, which are market-oriented and government-led. Finally, from the aspects of law, system, fund and popular participation, this paper analyzes the obstacles to the implementation of marine ecological compensation mechanism, and analyzes the ecological compensation models of different marine main function areas based on the construction of marine ecological compensation model. The marine ecological compensation model suitable for our country and its implementation measures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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