小清河流域生态健康评估研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 16:38

【摘要】：流域生态环境恶化已逐渐成为制约区域社会经济可持续发展的关键因素之一。小清河流域对于山东省经济发展和生态文明建设具有重要地位,健康的流域生态环境对维系小清河流域乃至全省的生态安全和保障经济社会可持续发展都有重要的战略意义。本研究是以小清河流域生态健康为研究对象,以2015年小清河流域生态环境现状调查为基础,构建流域生态健康评估体系,研究小清河流域内睦里庄、五柳闸、辛丰庄、唐口桥-西闸、范李庄、王道闸等6个评估单元的水域和陆域生态系统健康状况。通过进行定量和定性的评估,得出小清河流域的生态健康等级状况及分布特征,进而明确水域和陆域生态系统优先保护和治理的重点对象。评估结果表明:1、小清河流域治污效果显著。一方面,小清河流域水质明显改善。小清河主要污染物COD和氨氮浓度显著下降,到2015年COD和氨氮年均浓度分别为23.04mg/L和2.20mg/L,比2008年分别下降了 53.2%和81.9%。另一方面,生物多样性显著增加。鱼类已恢复至27种,鱼类物种多样性逐渐恢复。浮游植物、浮游动物多样性指数普遍优于上世纪八十年代中后期水平。2、小清河流域内主要土地利用类型是耕地。对比2008年和2015年土地利用情况,流域内建设用地、草地和林地面积有所增长,而湿地、未利用地和农田面积有所降低。小清河流域的水土流失情况以微度侵蚀为主,主要集中在流域北部平原区;中度及以上土壤侵蚀的面积占比较少,并且主要集中在流域南部山区地带。睦里庄评估单元水源涵养情况良好,五柳闸评估单元水源涵养情况较差。3、小清河流域生态健康状况等级总体为"一般",综合得分为58.68。其中,睦里庄评估单元作为小清河干流源头,生态健康水平相对最高,得分63.96,处于"良好"水平;而五柳闸和辛丰庄评估单元的生态健康状况较差,处于"一般"的水平,分别得分48.41和57.50;唐口桥-西闸、范李村、王道闸评估单元生态健康状况均为"良好",分别得分60.36、60.17、61.69。小清河流域生态健康状况总体呈现特征为:源头流域相对最好,中上游流域生态健康状况相对较差,随着下游污染负荷降低及流域生态系统自我修复功能,下游流域生态状况逐渐恢复至"良好"水平。开展小清河流域尺度的生态系统健康评估研究,可以为流域环境规划、管理、生态保护以及综合防治提供理论支撑和依据,对维护生态健康具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The deterioration of watershed ecological environment has gradually become one of the key factors restricting the sustainable development of regional social economy. Xiaoqing River Basin plays an important role in the economic development and ecological civilization construction of Shandong Province. A healthy ecological environment of the basin is of great strategic significance to maintain ecological security and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society in Xiaoqing River Basin and even in the whole province. Based on the investigation of ecological environment in Xiaoqing River Basin in 2015, the ecological health assessment system of Xiaoqing River Basin was established, and the evaluation system was used to study the ecological health of Xiaoqing River Basin, such as Mulizhuang, Wuliuzhao, Xinfengzhuang, etc. Tangkou Bridge-West Gate, Fan Lizhuang, Wang Road Gate, 6 assessment units of water and land ecosystem health. Through quantitative and qualitative assessment, the ecological health grade and distribution characteristics of Xiaoqing River Basin were obtained, and the priority targets for the protection and management of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems were identified. The results show that: 1, the effect of pollution control in Xiaoqing River Basin is remarkable. On the one hand, the water quality of Xiaoqing River basin has been improved obviously. The COD and NH3-N concentrations of the main pollutants in Xiaoqing River decreased significantly. By 2015, the average annual concentrations of COD and NH3-N were 23.04mg/L and 2.20 mg / L respectively, which were 53.2% and 81.9% lower than those in 2008, respectively. On the other hand, biodiversity has increased significantly. Fish species have recovered to 27 species and species diversity has gradually recovered. The diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton is generally superior to the level of late 1980s. 2. The main land use type in Xiaoqing River Basin is cultivated land. Compared with the land use in 2008 and 2015, the area of construction land, grassland and woodland increased, while the area of wetland, unused land and farmland decreased. The soil erosion in Xiaoqing River basin is dominated by micro-erosion, which is mainly concentrated in the northern plain of the basin, and the area of moderate soil erosion is less, and it is mainly concentrated in the mountainous area of the southern part of the basin. The water conservation condition of Mulizhuang evaluation unit was good, and the water conservation condition of Wuliuzheng evaluation unit was poor. 3. The ecological health status of Xiaoqing river basin was generally "general" with a comprehensive score of 58.68. As the source of the main stream of Xiaoqing River, the assessment unit of Mulizhuang has the highest level of ecological health, with a score of 63.96, which is at a "good" level. The ecological health status of Wuliuzheng and Xinfengzhuang evaluation units was poor and was in the "average" level, with scores of 48.41 and 57.50, respectively. The ecological health status of the assessment units of Tangkou Bridge-West Gate, Fan Li Village and Wang Dao Gate were all "good", with a score of 60.36 (60.17) and 61.69 respectively. The overall characteristics of ecological health in Xiaoqing River basin are as follows: the source basin is relatively best, the middle and upper reaches watershed ecological health status is relatively poor, with the lower reaches of pollution load reduced and the basin ecosystem self-repair function, The ecological condition of the lower reaches gradually recovered to a "good" level. The study of ecosystem health assessment on the scale of Xiaoqing River basin can provide theoretical support and basis for environmental planning, management, ecological protection and integrated control of the basin, which is of great significance to the maintenance of ecological health.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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