北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间分布特征及变化规律

发布时间：2019-01-03 19:40

【摘要】：近年来,随着雾霾事件的频发,人们逐渐提高了对雾霾的关注度,PM_(2.5)作为其首要污染物对大气能见度及人体健康造成了严重影响.因此,本文利用2015年北京12个环境监测站点的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、SO_2、CO和O_3的浓度数据和气象数据,综合研究了北京2015年大气细颗粒物的空间变化特征及分布规律.同时,利用空间差异率(COD)统计方法评估了不同地区细颗粒物浓度的差异程度,并结合2015年2次特殊事件(春节和阅兵),对大气污染特征及其与排放源控制的关系进行了深入对比分析.结果发现,重污染天气集中发生在秋冬季,且污染程度高、持续时间长.城区PM_(2.5)浓度比郊区高约12μg·m~(-3).东城区与对照区差异最大,COD值为0.24;东城区与西城区差异最小,COD值为0.05.春、夏、秋季颗粒物PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度日变化较为平稳,在中午有所升高,冬季颗粒物质量浓度明显呈现出夜间高于日间的污染模式.近3年PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)保持显著的相关性,但PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比值呈降低趋势.阅兵期间采取的空气质量管控措施和气象要素共同作用导致PM_(2.5)浓度下降约72%,市中心的首要污染物为NO_2,郊区首要污染物为O_3和PM_(10).春节期间烟花燃放对PM_(2.5)的瞬时贡献量很大,对比春节假期和非假期2个阶段的大气污染特征发现,人口和机动车减少及餐馆暂停营业并没有使北京局地空气质量得到明显改善.该研究结果提示在进行PM_(2.5)控制的同时也要对O_3浓度有所关注,同时也进一步支撑了北京空气质量改善需要京津冀协同控制这一重要结论.
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of haze events, attention to haze has been gradually increased. PM_ (2.5) as its primary pollutant has a serious impact on atmospheric visibility and human health. Therefore, the concentration data and meteorological data of PM_ (2.5), PM_ (10), NO_2,SO_2,CO and Osp3 from 12 environmental monitoring stations in Beijing in 2015 are used in this paper. The spatial variation and distribution of atmospheric fine particles in Beijing in 2015 were studied. At the same time, the (COD) statistical method of spatial difference rate was used to evaluate the difference degree of fine particulate matter concentration in different areas, and combined with two special events (Spring Festival and military parade) in 2015. The characteristics of air pollution and its relationship with emission source control are compared and analyzed. The results showed that the heavy pollution weather occurred mainly in autumn and winter, and the pollution degree was high and the duration was long. The concentration of PM_ (2. 5) in urban area was about 12 渭 g m ~ (-3) higher than that in suburb. The difference between Dongcheng district and control area was the biggest, the COD value was 0.24, and the difference between Dongcheng district and Xicheng district was the least, the COD value was 0.05. The diurnal variation of PM_ (2.5) and PM_ (10) concentrations in spring, summer and autumn were stable and increased at noon. The concentration of particulate matter in winter was obviously higher than that in daytime. In the last three years, PM_ (2.5) and PM_ (10) remained significantly correlated, but the ratio of PM_ (2.5) / PM_ (10) decreased. The combined effect of air quality control measures and meteorological factors during the parade resulted in the decrease of PM_ (2.5) concentration by about 72 percent, and the main pollutants in the center of the city were the main pollutants in the suburb of NO_2, such as O _ 3 and PM_ (10). The instantaneous contribution of fireworks to PM_ (2. 5) during the Spring Festival is very large. Comparing the characteristics of air pollution in the two stages of Spring Festival holiday and non-holiday, we find that, The decline in population and motor vehicles and the closure of restaurants have not resulted in a significant improvement in local air quality in Beijing. The results suggest that the concentration of PM_ 3 should be paid more attention to while controlling PM_ (2. 5), which further supports the important conclusion that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are needed to control the air quality in Beijing.
【作者单位】：中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室;南京信息工程大学大气物理学院;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2014CB447900) 中国科学院战略性先导专项B(No.XDB05020501) 环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201409001)~~
【分类号】：X513

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