不同水质参数以及抗生素存在条件下铜对剑水蚤的毒性影响
发布时间：2019-01-06 13:21
【摘要】：环境中金属污染正严重威胁着生态系统和人类的健康,因而对金属生物有效.性的评估越来越重要。最近几十年间用于预测金属生物有效性的工具-生物配体模型发展迅速,尤其对于铜的毒性预测模型已经比较完善,其主要面向常见鱼类和蚤类等生物的铜毒性预测。另外,近年来抗生素也大量进入环境中,并且在水体和土壤中被广泛检测到。水体是其在环境中聚集的主要场所,鉴于抗生素理化条件的复杂性,其自身以及与金属共存时环境风险以及二者相互之间的相互作用值得去探究。本研究基于目前的生物配体模型版本,在无(或较少)溶解有机质(DOC)介质下,选择地表水体常见中剑水蚤属广布中剑水蚤,进行铜的急性毒性实验,校正其半致死累积剂量(LA50)。最后,通过不同水质参数(不同Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC浓度下)和对应的毒性实验值半致死浓度(LC50),对生物配体模型相关理论参数进行计算,并由此建立了铜对剑水蚤生物配体模型的数学表达式。研究的另一部分是在铜对剑水蚤毒性实验的基础上,观测了抗生素与铜共存状态的毒性,进而提出了相关假设,并对生物配体模型进行修改,用来预测氧氟沙星与铜共存时的毒性。经过上述的工作,主要得出以下结论:(1)水质参数变化会影响剑水蚤铜毒性。DOC在铜对其毒性中的影响程度较大,而对于小球藻,Ca,Mg,Na,K对其影响不显著,pH有较强的影响,DOC对LC50的影响最为显著。(2)基于上述毒性实验,并根据生物配体模型理论,对模型相关参数进行计算,得出 logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL =3.49,logKHBL=6.09,logKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32,并由此建立剑水蚤铜毒性模型。(3)对比生物配体模型用户自定义模式与通过拟合参数构建的生物配体模型对剑水蚤铜毒性的预测,发现构建的生物配体模型预测结果不够好,主要原因是构建模型中考虑的水质参数较少。(4)氧氟沙星在0-320μg/L浓度范围内没有对剑水蚤产生急性毒性。(5)通过(4)的毒性试验可知,在一定浓度范围内氧氟沙星对剑水蚤没有毒性,并且与DOC一样可以与铜发生络合反应,这两个特点与DOC和铜之间的关系类似,所以假设将氧氟沙星视为一种分子量较小的DOC,认为其在生物配体模型中与DOC有相似的运算机制。基于上述假设,修改生物配体模型相关参数,让生物配体模型预测氧氟沙星与铜共存时对剑水蚤急性毒性。发现预测结果只有50%在认可范围内,预测效果不理想。
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.5
[Abstract]:Metal pollution in the environment is a serious threat to ecosystem and human health, so it is effective to metal organisms. The evaluation of sex is becoming more and more important. The bioligand model, which is used to predict the bioavailability of metals, has developed rapidly in recent decades, especially for copper toxicity prediction models, which are mainly used for the prediction of copper toxicity of common fish and fleas. In addition, antibiotics have entered the environment in large numbers in recent years and have been widely detected in water and soil. In view of the complexity of the physical and chemical conditions of antibiotics, the water body is the main place where it accumulates in the environment. Therefore, it is worth exploring the environmental risks and the interaction between them when they coexist with metals. Based on the current biological ligands model, in the absence of dissolved organic matter (or less) (DOC) medium, the common surface water bodies were selected to study the acute toxicity of copper. The half lethal cumulative dose (LA50) was corrected. Finally, the relevant theoretical parameters of the biological ligand model were calculated by using different water quality parameters (under different Ca,Mg,Na,K,pH,DOC concentrations) and the corresponding toxic experimental values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50). The mathematical expression of the biological ligand model of copper against Scophyla was established. In the other part of the study, based on the toxicity experiment of copper to flea, the toxicity of the coexistence of antibiotics and copper was observed, and the hypothesis was put forward, and the biological ligand model was modified. Used to predict the toxicity of ofloxacin in the presence of copper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of water quality parameters will affect the copper toxicity of Diaphnia cuspidata. The effect of DOC on copper toxicity is greater than that on Chlorella vulgaris, but Ca,Mg,Na,K has no significant effect on it. PH has a strong effect, DOC has the most significant effect on LC50. (2) based on the above toxicity experiment, and based on the biological ligand model theory, the model parameters are calculated, and the results show that logKCaBL=2.77,logKMgBL=3.78,logKNaBL = 3.49 g log KHBL 6.09, LogKCuBL=7.56,fCuBL50%=0.32, also established the copper toxicity model of Scenophora spp. (3) compared with the user defined model of biological ligand model and the prediction of copper toxicity by fitting parameters of biologically ligand model. It was found that the predicted results of the constructed biological ligand model were not good enough. The main reason is that the water quality parameters considered in the model are less. (4) ofloxacin does not produce acute toxicity to the flea in the concentration range of 0-320 渭 g / L. (5) through the toxicity test of (4), it can be seen that there is no acute toxicity of ofloxacin in the range of 0-320 渭 g / L. Ofloxacin has no toxicity to daphnia in a certain concentration range, and it can react with copper just like DOC. These two characteristics are similar to the relationship between DOC and copper, so let's assume that ofloxacin is regarded as a kind of DOC, with low molecular weight. It is considered that it has similar operational mechanism with DOC in the biological ligand model. Based on the above hypothesis, the parameters of the biological ligand model were modified to predict the acute toxicity of ofloxacin and copper. It is found that only 50% of the predicted results are within the approved range, and the prediction effect is not satisfactory.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X171.5
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