长兴县合溪水库集雨区苗木地不同施肥管理模式对径流磷素流失的影响

发布时间：2019-01-20 13:15

【摘要】：为保护主要饮用水源合溪水库水质,长兴县将合溪水库集雨区农业种植结构向苗木种植方式调整,但缺乏优化施肥管理模式。针对该问题,选取集雨区典型苗木种植地进行径流小区定位试验,设置了撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、区外设置植草缓冲带、条施、穴施6个处理,研究不同施肥管理模式下苗木地径流磷素流失特征,筛选最优施肥管理模式,实现最大化的削减农田磷素流失。结果表明:不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地地表径流年总磷素径流流失通量大小顺序为:撒施(对照)地膜覆盖条施穴施区外植草缓冲带秸秆覆盖,撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、条施、穴施、区外设置植草缓冲带和秸秆覆盖六种施肥管理模式下的年总磷素径流流失通量分别为:9.60、9.14、5.49、4.44、2.48、1.37 kg hm-2a-1,说明穴施、区外设置植草缓冲带和秸秆覆盖是较佳的施肥管理模式,若将其优化组合将显著消减合溪水库集雨区苗木地径流磷素流失及其对合溪水库水质的潜在影响。此外,不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地径流水样磷素流失的首要形态均为颗粒态磷,其次为溶解态磷,其中,撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、区外植草缓冲带、条施和穴施小区径流年均流失的颗粒态磷占流失总磷的比例分别是66.09%、70.69%、67.97%、71.63%、68.11%和67.87%。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the water quality of Hexi Reservoir, a main drinking water source, the agricultural planting structure of Hexi Reservoir rainwater catchment area in Changxing County was adjusted to seedling planting mode, but the optimal fertilization management mode was lacking. In order to solve this problem, the typical seedling planting field in rainwater collecting area was selected to carry out the plot location test of runoff, and six treatments were set up, such as spraying (control), mulching with mulch, straw mulching, planting buffer zone outside the area, applying strip and applying holes. The characteristics of phosphorus loss in runoff of seedling land under different fertilization management models were studied and the optimal fertilization management model was selected to maximize the reduction of phosphorus loss in farmland. The results showed that under different fertilization management models, the order of annual total phosphorus flux loss of surface runoff in seedling land was as follows: straw mulch, straw mulching, plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching. The annual total phosphorus runoff fluxes under the six fertilization management modes of strip application, hole application, planting buffer zone outside the area and straw mulching were 9.60,9.145.49 ~ 4.49 ~ 2.481.37 kg hm-2a-1, respectively. Planting buffer zone and straw mulching outside the area are the better fertilization management mode. If the optimum combination is applied, the loss of phosphorus and its potential effect on the water quality of Hexi reservoir will be significantly reduced in the sapling plot of Hexi reservoir rainwater catchment area. In addition, under different fertilization and management models, the primary form of phosphorus loss was granular phosphorus, followed by dissolved phosphorus, among which, spraying (control), mulching with mulch, straw mulching, and planting buffer zone outside the area were the main forms of phosphorus loss. The proportion of granular phosphorus to total phosphorus loss in plot runoff was 66.09% and 67.97%, 68.11% and 67.87% respectively.
【作者单位】：浙江大学环境与资源学院;浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室;浙江省长兴县环境监测站;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200800)
【分类号】：S147;X712

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