生态学的批判
发布时间：2019-01-25 19:51
【摘要】：生态学被后现代看作其科学基础之一。它经过一个多世纪的发展,已经从研究一般生物与环境的相互关系学科演变为现代的生态学科学,体现着横断性的特征。作为从科学本身的发展中而产生出来的生态学,是一种具有反叛性的科学,这种反叛性,具有很强的批判功能。生态学的批判既不是批判生态学,也不是研究生态学具有的性质,而是把生态学的观念深化为一种哲学理念,强调整体的、联系的、相互依赖自然观,克服了经典物理模式机械性的特点,打破了孤立、片面看待问题的角度,把自然界看作是相互联系、共生共荣的整体,对现代性的科学、形而上的观念以及市场经济领域的错误行为展开批判,这就是生态学的批判,这里的“批判”在中国语境中有着新的意义。生态学是从生物学科学发展出来的生态学分支学科,它本属于自然科学,但它却反对这个现代的、机械的科学。它以关系、依赖、有机和整体的性质批判了以物理学为代表的机械性的科学,强调大自然是一个有机的、联系的、充满创造力的整体。其次,生态学批判了现代观念,以“关系的实在”解构了实体概念,以联系、有机批判了机械的还原论,以整体的观念批判主客分离的二元论,肯定了大自然的有机创造力。最后,生态学以生态人批判经济人,以相互依赖的生态系统批判了市场经济把自然资本化的错误行径以及资本逻辑下的市场经济的存在的诸多问题,认为自然是一个和谐稳定的共同体。生态学的批判是以生态哲学为基础。用生态哲学的基础理论分析人类现实问题,对人类的行动进行理性思考。人的行动虽借助科学技术对世界产生了巨大的影响,但也导致了环境的破坏,我们必须探索“人类应该如何生存”的基本问题,重新审视人与自然的关系,哲学必须转向实践、转向行动。在分析人类的现实问题、探索人类如何生存行动以及审视人与自然的关系时,就是探讨哲学的本体论、方法论和伦理观,这些都是生态学批判的哲学基础——生态哲学。按照生态哲学的理论,我们整个自然、人类、社会是一个地球共同体,一切有机体的活动都关系着这个生态系统的运行。
[Abstract]:Ecology is regarded as one of its scientific bases by postmodernism. After more than a century of development, it has evolved from the study of the relationship between the general biology and the environment to the modern ecological science, which embodies the characteristics of crosscutting. Ecology, which is produced from the development of science itself, is a kind of rebellious science, which has a strong critical function. The criticism of ecology is neither a criticism of ecology nor a study of the nature of ecology. Rather, it deepens the concept of ecology into a philosophical concept, emphasizing the view of nature as a whole, connected and interdependent. It overcomes the mechanical characteristics of classical physical models, breaks the angle of isolation and one-sided view of problems, and regards nature as an interconnected, symbiotic and prosperous whole, a science of modernity. The metaphysical concept and the wrong behavior in the field of market economy are criticized, which is the criticism of ecology. The critique here has a new meaning in the Chinese context. Ecology is a branch of ecology developed from biological science. It belongs to natural science, but it opposes this modern, mechanical science. It criticizes the mechanical science represented by physics in the nature of relation, dependence, organic and whole, and emphasizes that nature is an organic, connected, creative whole. Secondly, ecology criticizes the modern concept, deconstructs the entity concept by "the reality of the relation", organically criticizes the mechanical reductionism, criticizes the dualism of the separation of the subject and the object with the whole idea, and affirms the organic creativity of nature. Finally, ecology criticizes economic man with ecological man, criticizes the wrong behavior of capitalizing nature in market economy with interdependent ecosystem and many problems existing in market economy under the logic of capital. Nature is considered a harmonious and stable community. Ecological criticism is based on ecological philosophy. The basic theory of ecological philosophy is used to analyze human realistic problems and to think rationally about human actions. Although man's action has had a great impact on the world with the aid of science and technology, it has also led to the destruction of the environment. We must explore the basic problem of "how human beings should survive", re-examine the relationship between man and nature, and philosophy must turn to practice. Turn to action. When we analyze the realistic problems of human beings, explore how human beings live and act and examine the relationship between human beings and nature, we discuss the ontology, methodology and ethics of philosophy, which are the philosophical basis of ecological criticism. According to the theory of ecological philosophy, our whole nature, human, society is an earth community, and the activities of all organisms are related to the operation of this ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X2
本文编号：2415134
[Abstract]:Ecology is regarded as one of its scientific bases by postmodernism. After more than a century of development, it has evolved from the study of the relationship between the general biology and the environment to the modern ecological science, which embodies the characteristics of crosscutting. Ecology, which is produced from the development of science itself, is a kind of rebellious science, which has a strong critical function. The criticism of ecology is neither a criticism of ecology nor a study of the nature of ecology. Rather, it deepens the concept of ecology into a philosophical concept, emphasizing the view of nature as a whole, connected and interdependent. It overcomes the mechanical characteristics of classical physical models, breaks the angle of isolation and one-sided view of problems, and regards nature as an interconnected, symbiotic and prosperous whole, a science of modernity. The metaphysical concept and the wrong behavior in the field of market economy are criticized, which is the criticism of ecology. The critique here has a new meaning in the Chinese context. Ecology is a branch of ecology developed from biological science. It belongs to natural science, but it opposes this modern, mechanical science. It criticizes the mechanical science represented by physics in the nature of relation, dependence, organic and whole, and emphasizes that nature is an organic, connected, creative whole. Secondly, ecology criticizes the modern concept, deconstructs the entity concept by "the reality of the relation", organically criticizes the mechanical reductionism, criticizes the dualism of the separation of the subject and the object with the whole idea, and affirms the organic creativity of nature. Finally, ecology criticizes economic man with ecological man, criticizes the wrong behavior of capitalizing nature in market economy with interdependent ecosystem and many problems existing in market economy under the logic of capital. Nature is considered a harmonious and stable community. Ecological criticism is based on ecological philosophy. The basic theory of ecological philosophy is used to analyze human realistic problems and to think rationally about human actions. Although man's action has had a great impact on the world with the aid of science and technology, it has also led to the destruction of the environment. We must explore the basic problem of "how human beings should survive", re-examine the relationship between man and nature, and philosophy must turn to practice. Turn to action. When we analyze the realistic problems of human beings, explore how human beings live and act and examine the relationship between human beings and nature, we discuss the ontology, methodology and ethics of philosophy, which are the philosophical basis of ecological criticism. According to the theory of ecological philosophy, our whole nature, human, society is an earth community, and the activities of all organisms are related to the operation of this ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X2
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