黄海绿潮年际变化特征及灾害分析
发布时间：2019-02-14 14:37
【摘要】：2007～2016年,连续10年在黄海海域爆发不同规模的绿潮灾害,但因各年黄海绿潮爆发时间、规模及漂移路径的不同,南黄海和沿海地区受到的生态环境影响和经济损失大不相同。黄海绿潮暴发性增殖会消耗海水大量氧气,影响海气交换,导致海水水质严重恶化,影响海水养殖业及沿海旅游观光业的发展,使生态环境失衡,对沿海造成巨大的经济损失。因此开展黄海绿潮年际变化特征和灾害分析的研究对于理解这一新的生态灾害过程,分析其经济和社会损失,开展预测、预警和防控具有重要借鉴意义。本文利用EOS/MODIS卫星的多通道资料,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)算法获取黄海绿潮信息,给出2007年以来5月-8月所有无云或少云晴朗天气下黄海海面绿潮的分布情况,分析了绿潮覆盖面积及漂移路径的年际变化,并使用统计方法表征黄海不同受灾区域受灾程度的年际差异:黄海绿潮覆盖面积变化每年基本呈现单峰值分布,5月中旬至6月初首次出现,随后30～40天内达到覆盖面积峰值,7月快速消退,8月上旬完全消失。2007年为黄海规模性绿潮形成首年,覆盖面积均未超过50 km2,绿潮影响范围小,社会关注度低;2008年和2009年绿潮覆盖面积峰值分别为3 110km2和4 075 km2,自此绿潮灾害成为新的海洋环境事件;2010～2012年绿潮暴发规模异常低值,各年覆盖面积峰值均未超过1 800 km2,但从2013年开始绿潮规模逐渐攀升,到2016年绿潮覆盖面积峰值为7 990 km2,是其他年份的1.5～7倍。绿潮漂移路径存在明显的年际差异,各年绿潮北向漂移超出34.5°N后,漂移路径变得复杂,大体可分为三类主要走势:2008、2010和2011年绿潮主体西北向垂直于岸线漂移,主要对连云港、日照和青岛造成较大影响;2009年和2012年绿潮主体偏东,且东北向平行于岸线漂移,故只有少许绿潮在山东沿海登陆;2013～2016年绿潮北向漂移至近岸后东北向沿岸漂移,对日照、青岛和荣成沿海造成大面积影响。所有年份绿潮影响范围均限于南黄海内,东侧边界最远未越过124.2°E,南侧未超过江苏如东县以南。2008～2016年南黄海海域受灾中心主要集中在34.5°～35.75°N、120.5°～121.5°E内,且南黄海受灾情况以该海域为中心向周围海域逐渐减小,9年来南黄海受灾中心绿潮平均影响面积超过9 000 km2;受灾程度最为严重的海岸集中在山东青岛、日照和乳山,而江苏盐城海岸在近4年来受灾程度恶化。
[Abstract]:From 2007 to 2016, green tide disaster of different scale broke out in Huang Hai sea area for 10 years in succession. However, due to the different time, scale and drift path of Huang Hai green tide outbreak in each year, the ecological environment impact and economic loss of South Huang Hai and coastal area are very different. Huang Hai's sudden green tide will consume a great deal of oxygen in sea water, affect sea air exchange, cause serious deterioration of sea water quality, affect the development of mariculture and coastal tourism industry, make ecological environment unbalanced, and cause huge economic losses to coastal areas. Therefore, the study on the interannual variation of Huang Hai green tide and disaster analysis is of great significance for understanding this new ecological disaster process, analyzing its economic and social losses, carrying out prediction, early warning and prevention and control. Based on the multi-channel data of EOS/MODIS satellite and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) algorithm, the green tide information of Huang Hai is obtained, and the distribution of green tide on the surface of Huang Hai is given from May to August in May to August 2007. The interannual variation of green tide coverage area and drift path is analyzed, and the interannual difference of disaster degree in different affected areas of Huang Hai is represented by statistical method: the annual variation of Huang Hai green tide coverage area presents a single peak value distribution. It appeared for the first time from mid-May to early June, then reached its peak in 30 ~ 40 days, disappeared rapidly in July and disappeared completely in early August. 2007 was the first year of the formation of Huang Hai's large-scale green tide, and the coverage area did not exceed 50 km2,. The influence of green tide is small and the social concern is low; The peak value of green tide coverage area in 2008 and 2009 was 3 110km2 and 4 075 km2, respectively. Since then, the green tide disaster has become a new marine environmental event. From 2010 to 2012, the green tide outbreak scale was abnormally low, and the peak value of annual coverage area was not more than 1 800 km2, but the green tide scale gradually increased from 2013 to 2016, and the peak value of green tide area in 2016 was 7 990 km2, which was 1.57 times of that in other years. There is obvious interannual difference in green tide drift path. After the northward drift of green tide exceeds 34.5 掳N in each year, the drift path becomes complex, which can be roughly divided into three main trends: 2008 / 2010 and 2011 the main green tide main body is perpendicular to the shore line drift northwestward, the main body of the green tide drifts perpendicular to the shoreline in 2010 and 2011. It has great influence on Lianyungang, Rizhao and Qingdao. In 2009 and 2012, the main body of the green tide was eastward, and the northeast direction was parallel to the shore line drift, so only a little green tide landed in the coastal area of Shandong. From 2013 to 2016, the northward drift of the green tide to the coast of northeast China caused a large area impact on the sunshine, Qingdao and Rongcheng coasts. In all years, the influence of green tide is confined to the south Huang Hai, the east side of the border is not over 124.2 掳E, and the southern side is not more than the south of Rudong County, Jiangsu Province. The disaster center of South Huang Hai Sea area from 2008 to 2016 is mainly concentrated in the range of 34.5 掳~ 35.75 掳N. In the range of 120.5 掳~ 121.5 掳E, and the situation of the southern Huang Hai disaster gradually decreased to the surrounding sea area with the center of this sea area, the average impact area of the green tide in the South Huang Hai disaster center exceeded 9 000 km2; in the past 9 years. The worst hit coast is Qingdao, Shandong, Rizhao and Rushan, while the Yancheng coast in Jiangsu Province has deteriorated in the last four years.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X55
[Abstract]:From 2007 to 2016, green tide disaster of different scale broke out in Huang Hai sea area for 10 years in succession. However, due to the different time, scale and drift path of Huang Hai green tide outbreak in each year, the ecological environment impact and economic loss of South Huang Hai and coastal area are very different. Huang Hai's sudden green tide will consume a great deal of oxygen in sea water, affect sea air exchange, cause serious deterioration of sea water quality, affect the development of mariculture and coastal tourism industry, make ecological environment unbalanced, and cause huge economic losses to coastal areas. Therefore, the study on the interannual variation of Huang Hai green tide and disaster analysis is of great significance for understanding this new ecological disaster process, analyzing its economic and social losses, carrying out prediction, early warning and prevention and control. Based on the multi-channel data of EOS/MODIS satellite and the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) algorithm, the green tide information of Huang Hai is obtained, and the distribution of green tide on the surface of Huang Hai is given from May to August in May to August 2007. The interannual variation of green tide coverage area and drift path is analyzed, and the interannual difference of disaster degree in different affected areas of Huang Hai is represented by statistical method: the annual variation of Huang Hai green tide coverage area presents a single peak value distribution. It appeared for the first time from mid-May to early June, then reached its peak in 30 ~ 40 days, disappeared rapidly in July and disappeared completely in early August. 2007 was the first year of the formation of Huang Hai's large-scale green tide, and the coverage area did not exceed 50 km2,. The influence of green tide is small and the social concern is low; The peak value of green tide coverage area in 2008 and 2009 was 3 110km2 and 4 075 km2, respectively. Since then, the green tide disaster has become a new marine environmental event. From 2010 to 2012, the green tide outbreak scale was abnormally low, and the peak value of annual coverage area was not more than 1 800 km2, but the green tide scale gradually increased from 2013 to 2016, and the peak value of green tide area in 2016 was 7 990 km2, which was 1.57 times of that in other years. There is obvious interannual difference in green tide drift path. After the northward drift of green tide exceeds 34.5 掳N in each year, the drift path becomes complex, which can be roughly divided into three main trends: 2008 / 2010 and 2011 the main green tide main body is perpendicular to the shore line drift northwestward, the main body of the green tide drifts perpendicular to the shoreline in 2010 and 2011. It has great influence on Lianyungang, Rizhao and Qingdao. In 2009 and 2012, the main body of the green tide was eastward, and the northeast direction was parallel to the shore line drift, so only a little green tide landed in the coastal area of Shandong. From 2013 to 2016, the northward drift of the green tide to the coast of northeast China caused a large area impact on the sunshine, Qingdao and Rongcheng coasts. In all years, the influence of green tide is confined to the south Huang Hai, the east side of the border is not over 124.2 掳E, and the southern side is not more than the south of Rudong County, Jiangsu Province. The disaster center of South Huang Hai Sea area from 2008 to 2016 is mainly concentrated in the range of 34.5 掳~ 35.75 掳N. In the range of 120.5 掳~ 121.5 掳E, and the situation of the southern Huang Hai disaster gradually decreased to the surrounding sea area with the center of this sea area, the average impact area of the green tide in the South Huang Hai disaster center exceeded 9 000 km2; in the past 9 years. The worst hit coast is Qingdao, Shandong, Rizhao and Rushan, while the Yancheng coast in Jiangsu Province has deteriorated in the last four years.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X55
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