深耕修复除草剂污染土壤提高马铃薯的产量
发布时间：2019-03-29 06:49
【摘要】：土壤污染是导致生态环境质量下降、限制土壤生产力发挥,制约农业发展的瓶颈问题。为了修复被除草剂污染的土壤,试验通过深耕的方式开展被除草剂污染土壤的改土研究,采用自主研发的土层置换犁、心土耕作犁深耕改土并与常规耕作进行对比试验。结果表明,土层置换犁分层深耕方法可以消除土壤残留氯嘧磺隆对马铃薯敏感期生育的影响。改土后表层土壤的农药残留量较对照降低84.2%~86.7%;深耕及心土耕可以改善土壤物理性质,降低土壤硬度,改变土壤三相比;深耕处理后马铃薯出苗率较对照提高7.8~10.6个百分点,心土耕较对照提高3.1~6.1个百分点;深耕和心土耕可以提高马铃薯干物质积累量;深耕马铃薯总产量较对照、心土耕分别提高12.7%~22.1%、11.6%~16.9%,商品薯产量分别提高18.0%~32.5%、13.8%~23.0%,差异达到显著水平,深耕效果好于心土耕。应用土层置换犁深耕法可有效消除土壤中残留除草剂对马铃薯的药害,为促进农业种植结构调整提供技术支撑。
[Abstract]:Soil pollution is a bottleneck problem that leads to the decline of eco-environmental quality, restricts the development of soil productivity and restricts the development of agriculture. In order to rehabilitate the soil contaminated by herbicides, the experiment was carried out by deep tillage to improve the soil contaminated by herbicides. The soil ploughs were replaced by self-developed soil ploughs and deep ploughs with core soil ploughs were used to improve the soil and compared with the conventional tillage. The results showed that the effect of residual chlorosulfuron-methyl on the growth and development of potato at sensitive stage could be eliminated by layer-deep ploughing with soil replacement plough. The pesticide residues in topsoil decreased by 84.2% ~ 86.7% compared with the control, and deep tillage and core soil tillage could improve the physical properties of soil, decrease soil hardness and change the soil ratio. After deep tillage, the emergence rate of potato was increased by 7.8% and 6.1 percentage points respectively compared with the control, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage. Compared with the control, the total yield of deep-ploughed potato increased 12.7% / 22.1%, 11.6% / 16.9% and 18.0% / 32.5%, 13.8% / 23.0%, respectively, and the difference reached a significant level. The effect of deep ploughing is better than that of heartwood ploughing. The application of soil layer replacement ploughing method can effectively eliminate the pesticide damage to potatoes caused by residual herbicides in soil and provide technical support for promoting the adjustment of planting structure in agriculture.
【作者单位】： 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所;黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B02,2013BAD07B01)
【分类号】：S532;X53
[Abstract]:Soil pollution is a bottleneck problem that leads to the decline of eco-environmental quality, restricts the development of soil productivity and restricts the development of agriculture. In order to rehabilitate the soil contaminated by herbicides, the experiment was carried out by deep tillage to improve the soil contaminated by herbicides. The soil ploughs were replaced by self-developed soil ploughs and deep ploughs with core soil ploughs were used to improve the soil and compared with the conventional tillage. The results showed that the effect of residual chlorosulfuron-methyl on the growth and development of potato at sensitive stage could be eliminated by layer-deep ploughing with soil replacement plough. The pesticide residues in topsoil decreased by 84.2% ~ 86.7% compared with the control, and deep tillage and core soil tillage could improve the physical properties of soil, decrease soil hardness and change the soil ratio. After deep tillage, the emergence rate of potato was increased by 7.8% and 6.1 percentage points respectively compared with the control, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage, and the dry matter accumulation of potato could be increased by deep tillage and deep soil tillage. Compared with the control, the total yield of deep-ploughed potato increased 12.7% / 22.1%, 11.6% / 16.9% and 18.0% / 32.5%, 13.8% / 23.0%, respectively, and the difference reached a significant level. The effect of deep ploughing is better than that of heartwood ploughing. The application of soil layer replacement ploughing method can effectively eliminate the pesticide damage to potatoes caused by residual herbicides in soil and provide technical support for promoting the adjustment of planting structure in agriculture.
【作者单位】： 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所;黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B02,2013BAD07B01)
【分类号】：S532;X53
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