某冶炼工厂周围农田土壤重金属污染状况及其对细菌群落影响
[Abstract]:Objective To evaluate the heavy metal pollution in the field of a smelting plant in Henan, and to explore the effect of heavy metal pollution on the bacterial community in the soil. The material and method are selected from 7 farmland observation areas (G1 to G7) of the main chimneys 741 to 2556m of the plant, and 28 mixed soil samples, solid mercury-measuring instrument method and atomic fluorescence spectrometry are collected in four quarters according to the 7 farmland observation area (G1-G7) of the main chimney 741-2556m of the plant in turn, The content of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), carbon (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in the soil was determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The evaluation of the accumulation of heavy metals was carried out by the single cumulative index method and the internal plum index method, and the ecological risk assessment of the soil was carried out by the Hakanson's potential ecological hazard index method. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of 8 heavy metals to the health of adults and children were evaluated using a health risk assessment model recommended by the National Environmental Protection Agency. By using the 16S rDNA-based PCR-DGGE method and the Illumina MeSeq platform sequencing method, the bacterial community of 7 farmland soil was compared and analyzed. Results 1. The heavy metal pollution status: (1)6 kinds of metals such as Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cu and Zn exceed the standard in the G1 observation area, and the most serious of the 28 farmland mixed soil samples is Cd and Pb, and the maximum superscalar is 42.33 and 6.43. (2) The content of six heavy metals in the G1 and G2 observation areas of the plant was higher than that of the G4-G7 observation area, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The content of 6 heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Cu and Zn, was negatively correlated with the distance from the plant, and the P value was less than 0.05. (3) There was a positive correlation between the contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals (P <0.05) (P <0.05) (4) The contents of As, Ni and Cr in the soil were different in different seasons (P <0.05). The potential ecological risk assessment: the single cumulative index of Cd, Pb and Hg is in the range of 9.25-342.69, reaching a severe accumulation. The comprehensive cumulative index of the G1-G7 observation region was 731.13-30588.88, and it had a severe accumulation; the total potential ecological hazard index in the G1-G7 observation region was 1620.29-14059.37, which reached a very strong ecological hazard. Health risk evaluation: The maximum non-carcinogenic risk index of the children was 2.44, and the maximum non-carcinogenic risk value of 8 heavy metals in the farmland soil of the G1 observation area was 3.42, which was greater than that of the non-carcinogenic risk limit 1. In the 7 observation area, the carcinogenic risk of arsenic to the health of adults and children is 1.36-10-5-4.28-10-5 and 9.56-10-5-3.00-10-4, exceeding the control value of carcinogenic risk 10-6, about 13.6-42.8 and 95.6-300-fold. In the four quarters, five species of bacteria were detected, namely, the strain, the actinomycete, the thick-walled fungus, the Bacteroides and the phylum, in which the positive rate of the strain was the highest. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that the difference of the bacterial community structure in the G1 and G2 observation regions with the heaviest heavy metal pollution is small, but the difference with other observation regions is relatively large. The results show that the heavy metal and the physical and chemical factors have an effect on the distribution of the bacterial community, and the influence of heavy metal on the observation areas of G1, G2, G6 and G7 is the greatest.5. The method of the Illumina MeSeq sequencing has 34 doors,99 classes,138 eyes,152 families,166 genera and 50 species. The relative abundance of the total bacterial micro-organisms is over 95%. The diversity index of the bacteria, such as the Chao index, the ACE index, the Simpson index, and the Shannonz index in the G1 observation area, is the lowest, which is 4009.14, 4180.53, 9.40 and 0.994, which is much lower than that of the G7 observation area with the highest bacterial diversity. There was a significant difference in the distribution of abundance in the 7 (P0.05). In the most polluted G1 observation area, the relative abundance of the green fungus was the highest, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) compared to the most polluted G7 observation area. The relative abundance of the bacteria, such as the genus Arthrospira, the covetus, and the genus of the genus Bacillus, was increased, and the relative abundance of the genus Thermomonospora and the genus CANDIDatus Solibacter decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of redundancy analysis show that the influence of heavy metal content on the bacterial community distribution in different observation areas is greater than that of water content. Conclusion 1. The metals such as Cd, Pb, Hg and As are the main heavy metal pollutants in the field. The degree of pollution of Cd, Pb and Hg has a severe accumulation, and there are very strong ecological hazards. The Pb content has non-carcinogenic risk to the children's health. As a result, the As content has a carcinogenic risk to both adults and children. The heavy metal pollution reduces the microbial diversity of the bacteria in the soil of the area, which is the main factor affecting the distribution of the bacterial community in the soil, which mainly reduces the abundance of the bacteria such as the Armored bacteria, the Thermomonospora, and the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria.
【学位授予单位】:郑州大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:X756;X53
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