我国区域环境污染的影响因素差异性分析

发布时间：2019-06-09 18:07

【摘要】：经济与环境之间的协调发展所受到的制约主要来自于经济发展与环境污染之间的矛盾。欧美等发达国家采用了“先污染,后治理”的经济模式,但是实践经验表明,对环境而言,此种发展模式并不是最优的。各国政府要想更好的处理随着经济发展而日渐恶化的环境问题,就应该选择最优的经济模式—“可持续发展”。为了处理经济快速增长带来的环境污染问题,中国将“可持续发展”作为基本国策,在此基础上,十七大提出了“生态文明”理念。虽然人们的环保意识逐渐增强,环境污染治理标准也逐渐提高,但是在污染的累积循环作用下,中国的环境污染形势依然严峻。因此,有必要深入研究各地区不同污染物影响因素的差异,考察环境污染的共性与个性因素以及导致环境污染的直接和间接原因,从而为不同区域环境治理提供有效的促进措施。基于此,本文首先分析我国大气、水、固体废弃物污染的变化趋势,然后利用环境污染综合指数探讨我国区域环境污染的基本情况及变化趋势;其次,运用多重多元回归分析模型、STIRPAT模型、方差分析等方法探讨区域环境污染的主要影响因素以及这些影响因素的区域性差异。通过实证分析发现,我国东中西部30个省市的环境污染状况采用熵权法进行分析得出环境污染最严重的10个省份中6个来自东部,中部和西部各有2个,说明我国环境污染存在区域差异;其次,东部地区和中部的环境污染综合指数无显著性差异,但是,环境污染综合指数在西部与东中部之间的差异性很显著;此外,区域环境污染会因经济发展水平和能源消费结构而逐渐严重,环保政策不能很好的控制污染排放;人口规模、科技水平和产业结构这三个维度影响因素的影响效果有正向影响也有负向影响,因此,在环境治理阶段应具体情况具体分析;最后,环境污染影响因素存在明显的区域差异,并且对不同类别的污染物而言,每个影响因素的区域差异也各不相同,因此,针对特定类别的污染,政府应该制定一些因地制宜的环保政策。
[Abstract]:The restriction of coordinated development between economy and environment mainly comes from the contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have adopted the economic model of "pollution first, then control", but practical experience shows that this development model is not optimal for the environment. If governments want to better deal with the worsening environmental problems with economic development, they should choose the optimal economic model-"sustainable development". In order to deal with the problem of environmental pollution caused by rapid economic growth, China takes "sustainable development" as its basic national policy. On this basis, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "ecological civilization". Although people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually enhanced and the standards of environmental pollution control are also gradually improved, the situation of environmental pollution in China is still serious under the cumulative cycle of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study the differences of influencing factors of different pollutants in different regions, to investigate the common and individual factors of environmental pollution and the direct and indirect causes of environmental pollution. In order to provide effective measures to promote environmental governance in different regions. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the changing trend of atmospheric, water and solid waste pollution in China, and then discusses the basic situation and changing trend of regional environmental pollution in China by using the comprehensive index of environmental pollution. Secondly, multiple regression analysis model, STIRPAT model and variance analysis are used to explore the main influencing factors of regional environmental pollution and the regional differences of these factors. Through empirical analysis, it is found that 6 of the 10 provinces with the most serious environmental pollution are from the east, 2 from the middle and 2 from the west by using entropy weight method to analyze the environmental pollution in 30 provinces and cities in the east and west of China. It shows that there are regional differences in environmental pollution in China. Secondly, there is no significant difference in the comprehensive index of environmental pollution between the eastern region and the central region, but the difference between the comprehensive index of environmental pollution in the west and the central part of the east is very significant. In addition, regional environmental pollution will be gradually serious because of the level of economic development and energy consumption structure, and environmental protection policy can not control pollution emissions very well. The influence effect of the three dimensions of population size, science and technology level and industrial structure has both positive and negative effects, therefore, the specific situation should be analyzed in the stage of environmental governance. Finally, there are obvious regional differences in the influencing factors of environmental pollution, and for different categories of pollutants, the regional differences of each influencing factor are also different, so, for a specific category of pollution, The government should formulate some environmental policies adapted to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

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