好氧颗粒污泥培养及微型动物群落和多样性研究
发布时间：2019-06-14 18:13
【摘要】：好氧颗粒污泥(Aerobic granular sludge,AGS)介于活性污泥和生物膜之间,又比悬浮生物填料有更高的微生物活性和承受能力,是近年来新兴的处理技术。相较于絮状污泥,好氧颗粒污泥具有极佳的沉降性能、单位容积对有机物的处理效果好、可承受较高的冲击负荷、减少对二沉池的体积要求以及可同时脱氮除鳞的特点。对于好氧颗粒污泥的培养,由于研究者不同的方法和实验条件,其形成机理和培养方法很难达成共识。选择颗粒污泥进行培养,系统启动速度较快,可大大缩短污泥培养周期,但目前颗粒污泥较为昂贵,好氧颗粒污泥就更为稀缺,尚不适合大规模的实际工程应用。许多研究显示,微型动物在好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中对颗粒化有推动的作用。传统活性污泥中生物相的诊断已经较为成熟,而好氧颗粒污泥具有更丰富、复杂的微生态系统有待研究。鉴于此,本论文在利用晶核培养好氧颗粒污泥的基础上,探索颗粒污泥形成过程中微型动物的群落物种多样性及稳定性。试验采用气升式间歇反应器(SBAR,Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor),并使用蔗糖、牛肉膏蛋白胨及马铃薯淀粉为营养物质的模拟生活污水进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养。研究表明,接种活性污泥(r1)和在此基础上另投加厌氧颗粒污泥(r2)以及氢氧化铁铁絮体(r3)为晶核的条件下,成功驯化得到成熟的好氧颗粒污泥的时间均为50d左右,3组反应器中最终成熟的好氧颗粒污泥粒径分别为:604.7μm、643.8μm、640.4μm;cod的去除率达到:93%;nh+4-n的去除率均在第50d达到97.5%;0.5mm粒径的颗粒沉降速度分别为:5.647cm/s、5.756cm/s、5.682cm/s;含水率分别为:96%、95%、95%;比耗氧速率(sour)分别为:2.19mgo2/(mlvssg·min)、2.36mgo2/(mlvssg·min)和2.63mgo2/(mlvssg·min);脱氢酶活性分别为:3.517μgtf/(mgmlss·h)、5.889μgtf/(mgmlss·h)、6.485μgtf/(mgmlss·h);。污泥体积沉降指数svi在20~30ml/g之间。r2、r3在日常镜检中可以看出其颗粒圆度和完整度要高于r1,且微生物活性r2、r3要明显大于r1.在对不同大小的有机晶核进行比较的研究中,r1’为对照组,分别在实验组投加厌氧颗粒污泥(r2’)和破碎后的厌氧颗粒污泥(r3’),在负荷较低的情况下在第50d培养出了稳定的好氧颗粒污泥。cod、tn、nh4+-n的去除率为95%、70%和95%,mlss分别为5.4、5.5、6.0g/l;svi最终稳定至35ml/g;沉降速度分别为:4.886cm/s/4.986cm/s/4.935cm/s。r1、r2、r3分别在第55d、50d和40d形成了颗粒,可以看出破碎厌氧颗粒污泥的投加的确比普通絮状活性污泥更有利于促进絮状污泥的颗粒化,但是r3的颗粒形状不均匀,且稳定性、抗冲击能力较差。在温度降低之后,r3最先破碎。以第一轮实验中普通活性污泥和生物铁污泥成粒过程中微型动物群落作为研究对象,系统考察了活性污泥驯化过程中微型动物群落结构和优势种群变化规律,同时比较了两组好氧颗粒污泥体系在形成颗粒过程中微型动物群落物种多样性、稳定性及微生物指数(sbi)。结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥培养前期与活性污泥法驯化期的微型动物群落演变相似,种群先增多后趋于稳定的过程:微型动物群落的结构和多样性的稳定要在颗粒形成之后并滞后于处理效果稳定(cod、tn、tp等)。在对照组r1和投加铁的r3中,微型动物的物种稳定性和多样性稳定性比较而言,驯化初期r3比r1稳定性要差,但是颗粒成熟之后,r3要优于r1.通过对不同方法下好氧颗粒污泥的形成进行研究,以更快的时间驯化出不同性能的稳定好氧颗粒污泥,对形成过程中的微型动物群落进行分析,结果表明,颗粒化过程中微型动物种群群落结构的演替异于活性污泥工艺。在好氧颗粒污泥形成过程中,微型动物、水力选择压(沉淀时间)和水力剪切力(曝气强度、反应器构型等)相互协作对颗粒化均有重要的作用。而晶核的投加,可以促进颗粒的形成,并对培养出来成熟的好氧颗粒污泥的性质有的影响。其中,铁絮体的加入对微型动物群落结构有较大的影响,在不同的阶段,系统中的微型动物和多样性稳定性均与对照组有所不同。铁絮体的投加对活性污泥颗粒化阶段的中期以及后期的微型动物种群群落的多样性和稳定性均有不利的影响,但是在颗粒成熟后,系统恢复正常。
[Abstract]:The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is between the activated sludge and the biological membrane, and has higher microbial activity and bearing capacity than the suspended biological filler, which is a new technology in recent years. Compared with the flocculent sludge, the aerobic granular sludge has excellent sedimentation performance, the treatment effect of the unit volume on the organic matters is good, the high impact load can be borne, the volume requirement of the secondary sedimentation tank is reduced, and the characteristics of simultaneously denitrogenation and descaling can be reduced. The formation mechanism and culture method of aerobic granular sludge are difficult to reach consensus due to the different methods and experimental conditions of the researchers. The granular sludge is selected to be cultured, the system startup speed is fast, the sludge culture period can be greatly shortened, but at present, the granular sludge is more expensive, and the aerobic granular sludge is more scarce and is not suitable for large-scale practical engineering application. Many studies have shown that micro-animals play an important role in the granulation process during the formation of aerobic granular sludge. The diagnosis of the biological phase in the traditional activated sludge is mature, and the aerobic granular sludge has more abundant and complex micro-ecosystems to be studied. In view of this, the species diversity and stability of microfauna in the formation of granular sludge were explored on the basis of using the crystal nucleus to culture the aerobic granular sludge. The air-lift batch reactor (SBAR, Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor) was used to test the aerobic granular sludge by using sucrose, beef paste protein and potato starch as nutrient substances. The research shows that the activated sludge (r1) and the other anaerobic granular sludge (r2) and the iron hydroxide iron (r3) are the crystal nucleus, The time of the successful domestication of the mature aerobic granular sludge is about 50 days, and the final mature aerobic granular sludge particle size in the three-group reactor is 604.7. m, 643.8. m, 640.4. mu.m, and the cod removal rate is 93%, and the removal rate of nh + 4-n is 97.5% at the 50d; The settling velocity of the particles with the diameter of 0.5 mm was 5.647 cm/ s, 5.756 cm/ s, 5.682 cm/ s, and the water content was 96%,95% and 95%, respectively. The specific oxygen consumption rate was 2.19 mg o2/ (mlvssg 路 min), 2.36 mg o2/ (mlvssg 路 min) and 2.63 mg o2/ (mlvsg 路 min), respectively; the activity of the dehydrogenase was 3.517. m gtf/ (mgmlss. h), 5.889. m gtf/ (mgmlss. h), 6.485. m . The sludge volume settlement index svi is between 20 and 30 ml/ g. R2 and r3 can be seen in the day-to-day microscopic examination that the roundness and the integrity of the particles are higher than r1 and the microbial activity r2, r3 is significantly greater than r1. In the study of the comparison of the organic nuclei of different sizes, r1 'is the control group, and the anaerobic granular sludge (r2') and the crushed anaerobic granular sludge (r3 ') are added into the experimental group respectively, and the stable aerobic granular sludge (cod) is cultured in the 50d under the condition of lower load. the removal rate of tn, nh4 +-n is 95%,70% and 95%, mlss is 5.4, 5.5 and 6.0 g/ l, respectively; svi is finally stabilized to 35 ml/ g; the settling velocity is 4.886 cm/ s/ 4.986 cm/ s/ 4.935 cm/ s. r1, r2, r3 form the particles at 55d, 50d, and 40d, respectively, It can be seen that the addition of the crushed anaerobic granular sludge is more beneficial to the granulation of the flocculent sludge than the conventional flocculent activated sludge, but the particle shape of r3 is not uniform, and the stability and the impact resistance are poor. After the temperature is reduced, In that first round of experiment, the micro-animal community was used as the research object in the process of pelletization of the common activated sludge and the biological iron sludge in the first round of experiment, and the change law of the microfauna and the dominant species in the process of the acclimatization of the activated sludge was studied. The species diversity, stability and microbial index (sbi) of the microfauna in the formation of the granular sludge system were also compared. The results showed that the early stage of aerobic granular sludge was similar to that of the microfauna in the acclimatization period of activated sludge. the process of stabilization after the first increase of the population: the stability of the structure and diversity of the microfauna is stable after the formation of the particles and is lagging behind the treatment effect (cod, tn, tp, etc.). in the control group r1 and the iron addition r3, In comparison with the stability of the species and the stability of the diversity of the microfauna, the stability of r3 is poor at the early stage of domestication, but after the maturation of the granules, r3 is better than r1. By studying the formation of aerobic granular sludge under different methods, the stable aerobic granular sludge with different properties is domesticated at a faster time, and the micro-animal community in the forming process is analyzed, and the results show that the succession of the micro-animal population community structure is different from the activated sludge process in the granulation process, and in the process of forming the aerobic granular sludge, the interaction of the micro-animal, the hydraulic selection pressure (sedimentation time) and the hydraulic shearing force (aeration intensity, the reactor configuration, etc.) plays an important role in the granulation, and the addition of the crystal nucleus can promote the formation of the particles, and the effect of the addition of the iron floc on the micro-animal community structure is greatly influenced, and in different stages, The stability of the micro-animal and the diversity in the system was different from the control group. The addition of the iron floc had a negative effect on the diversity and the stability of the microfauna in the middle and later stages of the activated sludge granulation stage, but the system returned to normal after the maturation of the granules.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703
[Abstract]:The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is between the activated sludge and the biological membrane, and has higher microbial activity and bearing capacity than the suspended biological filler, which is a new technology in recent years. Compared with the flocculent sludge, the aerobic granular sludge has excellent sedimentation performance, the treatment effect of the unit volume on the organic matters is good, the high impact load can be borne, the volume requirement of the secondary sedimentation tank is reduced, and the characteristics of simultaneously denitrogenation and descaling can be reduced. The formation mechanism and culture method of aerobic granular sludge are difficult to reach consensus due to the different methods and experimental conditions of the researchers. The granular sludge is selected to be cultured, the system startup speed is fast, the sludge culture period can be greatly shortened, but at present, the granular sludge is more expensive, and the aerobic granular sludge is more scarce and is not suitable for large-scale practical engineering application. Many studies have shown that micro-animals play an important role in the granulation process during the formation of aerobic granular sludge. The diagnosis of the biological phase in the traditional activated sludge is mature, and the aerobic granular sludge has more abundant and complex micro-ecosystems to be studied. In view of this, the species diversity and stability of microfauna in the formation of granular sludge were explored on the basis of using the crystal nucleus to culture the aerobic granular sludge. The air-lift batch reactor (SBAR, Sequencing Batch Airlift Reactor) was used to test the aerobic granular sludge by using sucrose, beef paste protein and potato starch as nutrient substances. The research shows that the activated sludge (r1) and the other anaerobic granular sludge (r2) and the iron hydroxide iron (r3) are the crystal nucleus, The time of the successful domestication of the mature aerobic granular sludge is about 50 days, and the final mature aerobic granular sludge particle size in the three-group reactor is 604.7. m, 643.8. m, 640.4. mu.m, and the cod removal rate is 93%, and the removal rate of nh + 4-n is 97.5% at the 50d; The settling velocity of the particles with the diameter of 0.5 mm was 5.647 cm/ s, 5.756 cm/ s, 5.682 cm/ s, and the water content was 96%,95% and 95%, respectively. The specific oxygen consumption rate was 2.19 mg o2/ (mlvssg 路 min), 2.36 mg o2/ (mlvssg 路 min) and 2.63 mg o2/ (mlvsg 路 min), respectively; the activity of the dehydrogenase was 3.517. m gtf/ (mgmlss. h), 5.889. m gtf/ (mgmlss. h), 6.485. m . The sludge volume settlement index svi is between 20 and 30 ml/ g. R2 and r3 can be seen in the day-to-day microscopic examination that the roundness and the integrity of the particles are higher than r1 and the microbial activity r2, r3 is significantly greater than r1. In the study of the comparison of the organic nuclei of different sizes, r1 'is the control group, and the anaerobic granular sludge (r2') and the crushed anaerobic granular sludge (r3 ') are added into the experimental group respectively, and the stable aerobic granular sludge (cod) is cultured in the 50d under the condition of lower load. the removal rate of tn, nh4 +-n is 95%,70% and 95%, mlss is 5.4, 5.5 and 6.0 g/ l, respectively; svi is finally stabilized to 35 ml/ g; the settling velocity is 4.886 cm/ s/ 4.986 cm/ s/ 4.935 cm/ s. r1, r2, r3 form the particles at 55d, 50d, and 40d, respectively, It can be seen that the addition of the crushed anaerobic granular sludge is more beneficial to the granulation of the flocculent sludge than the conventional flocculent activated sludge, but the particle shape of r3 is not uniform, and the stability and the impact resistance are poor. After the temperature is reduced, In that first round of experiment, the micro-animal community was used as the research object in the process of pelletization of the common activated sludge and the biological iron sludge in the first round of experiment, and the change law of the microfauna and the dominant species in the process of the acclimatization of the activated sludge was studied. The species diversity, stability and microbial index (sbi) of the microfauna in the formation of the granular sludge system were also compared. The results showed that the early stage of aerobic granular sludge was similar to that of the microfauna in the acclimatization period of activated sludge. the process of stabilization after the first increase of the population: the stability of the structure and diversity of the microfauna is stable after the formation of the particles and is lagging behind the treatment effect (cod, tn, tp, etc.). in the control group r1 and the iron addition r3, In comparison with the stability of the species and the stability of the diversity of the microfauna, the stability of r3 is poor at the early stage of domestication, but after the maturation of the granules, r3 is better than r1. By studying the formation of aerobic granular sludge under different methods, the stable aerobic granular sludge with different properties is domesticated at a faster time, and the micro-animal community in the forming process is analyzed, and the results show that the succession of the micro-animal population community structure is different from the activated sludge process in the granulation process, and in the process of forming the aerobic granular sludge, the interaction of the micro-animal, the hydraulic selection pressure (sedimentation time) and the hydraulic shearing force (aeration intensity, the reactor configuration, etc.) plays an important role in the granulation, and the addition of the crystal nucleus can promote the formation of the particles, and the effect of the addition of the iron floc on the micro-animal community structure is greatly influenced, and in different stages, The stability of the micro-animal and the diversity in the system was different from the control group. The addition of the iron floc had a negative effect on the diversity and the stability of the microfauna in the middle and later stages of the activated sludge granulation stage, but the system returned to normal after the maturation of the granules.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X703
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 李星;刘永军;刘U，
本文编号：2499577
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