利用本地和侵入胎生鱼类（Poeciliidae,Teleostei）进行城市河流污染的综合生物学评估

发布时间：2021-04-09 09:11

　　外来入侵物种正在日益取代本地物种,尤其是在人为转化或污染的栖息地中。这为我们提供了使用入侵物种作为生物污染评估指标的可能性。然而,对于相同的焦点物种,综合生物学评估还依赖于多种方法的应用来量化它们对污染的生理或细胞遗传学反应。当物种被限制在受污染或未受污染的地点时,这是具有挑战性的。本研究利用一小组新热带胎生鱼类（胎鳉科）对水质进行综合生物学评估。通过比较巴西城市乌贝兰迪亚城市及郊区受到工业和生活废水不同程度污染的河流,证明了这个科的两个成员可以作为评估水污染水平的指标。在严重污染的地方,Phalloceros caudimacula tus似乎已被入侵孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）所取代。尽管如此,本研究证明这两种物种都可以用于评估重金属（铅,铜和铬）的生物积累性。环境（沉积物）浓度预测了物种间体细胞组织中的浓度（R2值介于0.74和0.96之间）。此外,使用细胞遗传学方法估算了水污染的遗传毒性作用,并发现了污染水平（多个变量,压缩为主成分）用来预测物种间核异常的发生（例如,微核细胞的频率）R2在0.69和0.83之间)。在城市和受污染的环境中都会出现的胎鳉鱼,使这... 

【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：59 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
1 LITERATURE REVIEW
    1.1 Biological assessments of water quality
    1.2 Invasive species
    1.3 The invasive guppy（P.reticulata）
2 INTRODUCTION
3 METHODS
    3.1Study sites
    3.2 Assessment of fish communities
    3.3 Assessment of water pollution
        3.3.1 Heavy metal content in sediments
        3.3.2 Water quality analyses
        3.3.3 Biological Monitoring Working Party（BMWP）index
        3.3.4 Acute toxicity tests
    3.4 Assessment of bioaccumulation and genotoxic effects
        3.4.1 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in somatic tissues
        3.4.2 Genotoxicity:nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    4.1 Effect of pollution on fish communities
    4.2 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in P.reticulata and P.audimaculatus
    4.3 Effects of pollution on nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
5 RESULTS
    5.1 Ecological and Pollution-Related Predictors of Fish Community Structures
        5.1.1 Characterization of water pollution across study sites
        5.1.2 Effect of pollution on fish communities
        5.1.3 Acute toxicity tests
        5.1.4 Post-hoc comparisons of sites harboring P.reticulata or P.caudimaculatus
    5.2 Assessment of Bioaccumulation and Genotoxic Effects
        5.2.1 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in somatic tissues
        5.2.2 Effects of pollution on nuclear abnormalities in somatic cells
6 DISCUSSION
    6.1 Using poeciliid fishes as bioindicators of diffuse water pollution
    6.2 Using poeciliid fishes for the assessment of gradual variation in water pollution
7 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR



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