作物残茬与氮肥对农田温室气体、理化性质及其作物生长的效应研究
发布时间：2021-05-26 13:44
在世界范围内,化肥已经广泛的应用于农作物的生产,实行高产可持续型的小麦-玉米种植体系,进而行之有效的提高和改良土壤养分及有机质状况对于维护未来粮食安全和改善生态系统功能是不可或缺的。目前,在大多数类型的土壤中添加诸如作物秸秆和氮肥等有机和无机物料被认为是发展可持续农业生产的重要策略。本研究基于当地的农业生产现状,于2015-2017年在西北农林科技大学校内试验田开展为期两年的研究,试验采用再裂区试验设计,主区为不同轮作制度（大豆-小麦轮作;玉米-小麦轮作;休闲-小麦轮作）,副区为3个秸秆还田水平（S1:秸秆不还田;S2:秸秆半量还田;S3:秸秆全量还田）,副副区为3个施氮水平（N1:不施氮;N2:80%常规施氮;N3:常规施氮）。本研究注重分析不同轮作模式下温室气体排放通量（CO2和N2O）、土壤酶活性（脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶）、土壤理化性质（土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤碱解氮AN、土壤速效磷AP）、土壤有机碳及其活性组分（土壤总有机碳SOC、可溶性有机碳DOC、易氧化有机碳LOC、颗粒性有机碳POC）以及包括净光合速率及其特征、...
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：147 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Greenhouse gases
1.2 Soil properties
1.2.1 Soil biological activity
1.2.2 Soil nutrients
1.2.3 Soil carbon
1.2.4 Soil organic carbon and its management indexes
1.3 Crop physiology and Production
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experimental Site
2.2 Experimental Design and Treatments
2.3 Green House Gases emissions (GHGs) and soil physical properties
2.3.1 Monitoring of CO_2 and N_2O gas emissions
2.4 Soil sampling and analysis
2.4.1 Soil enzymatic activity
2.5 Soil chemical properties
2.5.1 Soil nutrients
2.5.2 Soil temperature and moisture measurements
2.5.3 Soil organic carbon and carbon management indexes
2.6 Plant Physiology
2.6.1 Net Photosynthetic rate and SPAD value
2.6.2 Crop growth rates and leaf area measurements
2.6.3 Yield and yielding attributes
2.7 Statistics
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS
3.1 Greenhouse gases (soil CO_2 and N_2O)
3.1.1 Soil CO_2 emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
3.1.2 Soil CO_2 emission (Maize-wheat rotation)
3.1.3 Soil CO_2 emission (Fallow-wheat rotation)
3.1.4 Soil N_2O emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
3.1.5 Soil N_2O emission (Maize-wheat)
3.1.6 Soil N_2O emission (Fallow-wheat)
3.2 Soil enzymes
3.2.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
3.2.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.2.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.3 Soil nutrients, soil carbon and carbon management indexes
3.3.1 Soybean- wheat rotation
3.3.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.3.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.4 Crop physiology, growth and crop productivity
3.4.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
3.4.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.4.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.4.4 Relationship between soil enzymes and soil properties
3.4.5 Greenhouse gases response with soil moisture and soil temperature
3.4.6 Evaluation of GHGs, soil quality and crop productivity under different crop rotation
3.4.7 Economic benefits
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on Greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs)
4.1.1 Soil CO_2 emissions
4.1.2 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on soil N_2O emission
4.2 Soil enzymes
4.3 Soil properties
4.3.1 Changes in soil nutrients and moisture and temperature
4.3.2 Soil carbon
4.4 Physiology, crop growth and crop yield
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author resume
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]秸秆还田的小麦–玉米农田N2O周年排放的量化分析[J]. 叶桂香,史永晖,王良,陈玉洁,辛延斌,刘文茹,陈国庆. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2017(03)
[2]Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang–Huai–Hai Valley[J]. Zhiqiang Tao,Congfeng Li,Jingjing Li,Zaisong Ding,Jie Xu,Xuefang Sun,Peilu Zhou,Ming Zhao. The Crop Journal. 2015(05)
[3]中国小麦季氮素养分循环与平衡特征[J]. 串丽敏,何萍,赵同科,徐新朋,周卫,郑怀国. 应用生态学报. 2015(01)
[4]秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J]. 马超,周静,刘满强,郑学博,崔键,李辉信,康炳龙. 土壤学报. 2013(05)
[5]四川省秸秆焚烧与利用分析[J]. 肖瑶. 绿色科技. 2012(11)
[6]秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦氮效率和产量的影响[J]. 赵鹏,陈阜. 作物学报. 2008(06)
[7]中国保护性耕作研究分析——保护性耕作与作物生产[J]. 谢瑞芝,李少昆,李小君,金亚征,王克如,初震东,高世菊. 中国农业科学. 2007(09)
[8]Effect of N Fertilization on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Apparent N Losses[J]. CUI Zhen-Ling,CHEN Xin-Ping,LI Jun-Liang, XU Jiu-Fei, SHI Li-Wei and ZHANG Fu-Suo College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 (China). Department of Agronomy, Laiyang Agricultural College, Laiyang 265200 (China). Pedosphere. 2006(06)
[9]旱地秸秆覆盖条件下作物减产的原因及作用机制分析[J]. 高亚军,李生秀. 农业工程学报. 2005(07)
[10]半干旱区农田土壤无机氮积累与迁移机理[J]. 吴金水,郭胜利,党廷辉. 生态学报. 2003(10)
本文编号：3206471
【文章来源】：西北农林科技大学陕西省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：147 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Greenhouse gases
1.2 Soil properties
1.2.1 Soil biological activity
1.2.2 Soil nutrients
1.2.3 Soil carbon
1.2.4 Soil organic carbon and its management indexes
1.3 Crop physiology and Production
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experimental Site
2.2 Experimental Design and Treatments
2.3 Green House Gases emissions (GHGs) and soil physical properties
2.3.1 Monitoring of CO_2 and N_2O gas emissions
2.4 Soil sampling and analysis
2.4.1 Soil enzymatic activity
2.5 Soil chemical properties
2.5.1 Soil nutrients
2.5.2 Soil temperature and moisture measurements
2.5.3 Soil organic carbon and carbon management indexes
2.6 Plant Physiology
2.6.1 Net Photosynthetic rate and SPAD value
2.6.2 Crop growth rates and leaf area measurements
2.6.3 Yield and yielding attributes
2.7 Statistics
CHAPTER 3 RESULTS
3.1 Greenhouse gases (soil CO_2 and N_2O)
3.1.1 Soil CO_2 emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
3.1.2 Soil CO_2 emission (Maize-wheat rotation)
3.1.3 Soil CO_2 emission (Fallow-wheat rotation)
3.1.4 Soil N_2O emission (Soybean-wheat rotation)
3.1.5 Soil N_2O emission (Maize-wheat)
3.1.6 Soil N_2O emission (Fallow-wheat)
3.2 Soil enzymes
3.2.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
3.2.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.2.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.3 Soil nutrients, soil carbon and carbon management indexes
3.3.1 Soybean- wheat rotation
3.3.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.3.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.4 Crop physiology, growth and crop productivity
3.4.1 Soybean-wheat rotation
3.4.2 Maize-wheat rotation
3.4.3 Fallow-wheat rotation
3.4.4 Relationship between soil enzymes and soil properties
3.4.5 Greenhouse gases response with soil moisture and soil temperature
3.4.6 Evaluation of GHGs, soil quality and crop productivity under different crop rotation
3.4.7 Economic benefits
CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on Greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs)
4.1.1 Soil CO_2 emissions
4.1.2 Straw mulch and nitrogen effect on soil N_2O emission
4.2 Soil enzymes
4.3 Soil properties
4.3.1 Changes in soil nutrients and moisture and temperature
4.3.2 Soil carbon
4.4 Physiology, crop growth and crop yield
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Author resume
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]秸秆还田的小麦–玉米农田N2O周年排放的量化分析[J]. 叶桂香,史永晖,王良,陈玉洁,辛延斌,刘文茹,陈国庆. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2017(03)
[2]Tillage and straw mulching impacts on grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in Northern Huang–Huai–Hai Valley[J]. Zhiqiang Tao,Congfeng Li,Jingjing Li,Zaisong Ding,Jie Xu,Xuefang Sun,Peilu Zhou,Ming Zhao. The Crop Journal. 2015(05)
[3]中国小麦季氮素养分循环与平衡特征[J]. 串丽敏,何萍,赵同科,徐新朋,周卫,郑怀国. 应用生态学报. 2015(01)
[4]秸秆促腐还田对土壤养分及活性有机碳的影响[J]. 马超,周静,刘满强,郑学博,崔键,李辉信,康炳龙. 土壤学报. 2013(05)
[5]四川省秸秆焚烧与利用分析[J]. 肖瑶. 绿色科技. 2012(11)
[6]秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦氮效率和产量的影响[J]. 赵鹏,陈阜. 作物学报. 2008(06)
[7]中国保护性耕作研究分析——保护性耕作与作物生产[J]. 谢瑞芝,李少昆,李小君,金亚征,王克如,初震东,高世菊. 中国农业科学. 2007(09)
[8]Effect of N Fertilization on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat and Apparent N Losses[J]. CUI Zhen-Ling,CHEN Xin-Ping,LI Jun-Liang, XU Jiu-Fei, SHI Li-Wei and ZHANG Fu-Suo College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094 (China). Department of Agronomy, Laiyang Agricultural College, Laiyang 265200 (China). Pedosphere. 2006(06)
[9]旱地秸秆覆盖条件下作物减产的原因及作用机制分析[J]. 高亚军,李生秀. 农业工程学报. 2005(07)
[10]半干旱区农田土壤无机氮积累与迁移机理[J]. 吴金水,郭胜利,党廷辉. 生态学报. 2003(10)
本文编号：3206471
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/3206471.html
