污染对人及鱼类的多尺度影响：从行为，生理，生化到毒理

发布时间：2021-07-05 07:20

　　这个时代正在见证着工业革命的巨大影响,同时药物、重金属、化肥、农药等化学用品的使用也在不断增长。这些化学用品的使用可能会对人类和其他生物带来身体功能紊乱、患病和中毒等严重结果。本研究的目的是评估污染对人类和动物造成的有害影响（用鱼作为模式生物）。通过问卷和实验调查的方式研究了污染如何对人的行为、心理及生理,并以马拉松比赛为例探讨了空气污染对马拉松选手成绩的潜在影响。同时,为了了解毒性污染的深层机制,以鱼作为模式生物,研究了农药和重金属对鱼的生理及多样性两个尺度的研究。为了拓宽体内毒性标志物的范围,以鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和南亚野鲮（Labeo rohita）为对象,探讨了溴氰菊酯和马拉硫磷对鱼类生理的危害。然而,在野外条件下对重金属的研究受到了现实世界中是由多种重金属混合污染的影响。因为基于人类和鱼类的研究,这篇论文大概分为两个部分,第一部分由基于人类的研究构成,第二部分由基于鱼类的研究构成。第一部分重点探讨空气污染对学生带来的有害影响、空气污染对马拉松选手成绩的影响和农药引起的化学污染对农民的不利影响。第二部分重点探讨农药和重金属对不同种类的鱼... 

【文章来源】：南京大学江苏省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：234 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1: General Introduction
    1.1 Introduction
        1.1.1 Organization of the Study
        1.1.2 Hypothesis
        1.1.3 The Scope of the Study
        1.1.4 Aims and Objectives
    1.2 Chapter-wise Division of the Study
        1.2.1 Exposure to air pollution and associated self-reportedeffects on students
        1.2.2 Short-term impact of air pollutants on athletes:A casestudy on marathon runners from China
        1.2.3 Pesticides use, knowledge, risk perceptions, andeffects on farmers
        1.2.4 Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrininduced toxicity in silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
        1.2.5 Malathion induced oxidative stress leads tohistopathological, hematological,and biochemicaltoxicity in rohu (Labeo rohita,Hamilton) at an acuteconcentration
        1.2.6 Effluents from hydropower projects lead to higher bio-accumulation of heavy metals and lowered fish biodiversity
        1.2.7 Accumulation and hematological and biochemicalprofile of Tor putitora as biomarkers of heavy metals pollution
Chapter 2: Exposure to air pollution and associated self-reportedeffects on students
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Ethical Statement
        2.2.2 Sampling and Study Area
        2.2.3 Statistical Analysis
    2.3 Results
    2.4 Discussion
Chapter 3: Short-term impacts of air pollutants on the performance ofathletes:A case study on marathon runners from China
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Collection of Marathon data
            3.2.1.1 Data Cleaning
        3.2.2 Weather and Air Quality Index Data
        3.2.3     Data analysis - Selection of Linear Mixed-Effects Model
    3.3 Results
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4: Pesticides use, knowledge, risk perceptions, and effects onfarmers
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and Methods
        4.2.1 Study Area
        4.2.2 Questionnaire-based Study
        4.2.3 Lab-based Studies-Hematology and Biochemistry
        4.2.4 Blood Sample Collection
        4.2.5 Enzymatic and Hormonal Profiling
        4.2.6 Hematological Parameters
        4.2.7 Biochemical Parameters
        4.2.8 Statistical Analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Questionnaire Analysis
        4.3.2 Lab-Based work Analysis
    4.4 Discussion
Chapter 5: Multiple biomarkers based appraisal of deltamethrininduced toxicity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and Methods
        5.2.1 Test animal, acclimatization, and handling
        5.2.2 Test Chemical
        5.2.3 LC_(50) Determination
        5.2.4 Experimental Design
        5.2.5 Behavioral Study
        5.2.6 Hematology
        5.2.7 Biochemical Assays
            5.2.7.1 Reactive Oxygen Species
            5.2.7.2 Lipid Peroxidation
            5.2.7.3 Antioxidant Enzymes
            5.2.7.4 Total Protein Contents
            5.2.7.5 Blood Glucose
            5.2.7.6 Serum Biochemistry
            5.2.7.7 Acetylcholinesterase Assay
            5.2.7.8 Whole Body Cortisol
            5.2.7.9 DNA Damage
            5.2.7.10 Metabolic Enzymes
        5.2.8 Histomorphological Examination
        5.2.9 Statistical Analysis
    5.3 Results
    5.4 Discussion
Chapter 6: Malathion induced oxidative stress leads to histopathological,hematological, and biochemical toxicity in rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) at an acute concentration
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Materials and Methods
        6.2.1 Fish Handling and Acclimatization
        6.2.2 Experimental Design
        6.2.3 Test Chemical
        6.2.4 Determined LC_(50)
        6.2.5 Biochemical Analysis
        6.2.6 Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis
        6.2.7 Histomorphological Examination
        6.2.8 Hematology
        6.2.9 Serum Biochemistry
        6.2.10 Statistical Analysis
    6.3 Results
    6.4 Discussion
Chapter 7: Effluents from hydropower projects lead to higher bio-accumulation of heavy metals and lowered fish biodiversity
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Materials and Methods
        7.2.1 Fish Sampling and Identification for Biodiversity Study
        7.2.2 Sampling Sites and Heavy Metals Detection
        7.2.3 Estimation of Heavy Metals in the Tissues
        7.2.4 Statistical Analysis
    7.3 Results
    7.4 Discussion
Chapter 8: Accumulation and hematological and biochemical profile ofTor putitora as biomarkers of heavy metals pollution
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Materials and Methods
        8.2.1 Sampling Sites and Fish Collection
        8.2.2 Estimation of Heavy Metals in the tissues of T. putitora
        8.2.3 Hematology and Serum Biochemistry
        8.2.4 Biochemical Studies
        8.2.5 Statistical Analysis
    8.3 Results
    8.4 Discussion
Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Acknowledgements
Appendix A: Turnitin's Similarity Index Report (Front Page)
Appendix B: Curriculum Vitae


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期刊论文
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[2]SO2的危害及其流行病学与毒理学研究[J]. 刘玉香.  生态毒理学报. 2007(02)
[3]Effect of malathion on the male reproductive organs of earthworms, Eisenia foetida[J]. Omar Espinoza-Navarro,Eduardo Bustos-Obregon.  Asian Journal of Andrology. 2005(01)



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