埃塞俄比亚阿瓦什流域沉积物和农田土壤中抗生素和抗性基因分布研究

发布时间：2021-07-14 10:47

　　近年来,抗生素和抗性基因作为新兴污染物,由于其潜在的生态毒理效应及对公共健康影响,已然成为了新的环境挑战。过去十年间,低收入和中等收入国家抗生素的消费量逐年递增。然而,在发展中国家,尤其是撒哈拉以南地区,针对环境中抗生素及其抗性基因的污染现状还未得到充分的研究。在埃塞俄比亚,抗生素的滥用和误用,不完善的药物管理机制以及废物处理机制的缺乏等因素都有可能促成抗生素的耐药性。因此,对该区域进行更多的调查研究、帮助人们充分了解抗生素和抗性基因的分布情况显得十分必要。本研究以埃塞俄比亚阿瓦什河流域沉积物和农田土壤为研究对象,通过固相萃取（SPE）方法从样品中提取目标抗生素,并采用高效液相串联质谱法（LC/MS/MS）对各样点中4种四环素类抗生素（TC、OTC、DC、CTC）,4种磺胺类抗生素（SN、SME、SMX、SDZ）及4种氟喹诺酮（OFL、CIP、ENR、NOR）进行测定,并通过实时荧光定量技术（qPCR）对相应的抗性基因及1种整合子基因（intI1）的相对丰度进行了检测,此外,对抗生素、抗生素抗性基因与环境因素之间的潜在联系进行了评估。沉积物样品分析结果表明,在12种抗生素中,磺胺嘧啶和... 

【文章来源】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)湖北省

【文章页数】：105 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 General introduction
    1.1 Pharmaceuticals in the environment
    1.2 Brief history of antibiotics
    1.3 Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment
    1.4 Environmental fate of antibiotics
    1.5 Antibiotic resistant in the environment
    1.6 Ecotoxicology of antibiotics
    1.7 Antibiotics and Antibiotic resistance in developing countries
    1.8 Objectives of the thesis
    1.9 Outline of the thesis
Chapter 2 Occurrence and distribution of selected antibiotics and theircorresponding resistance genes in sediments of Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Methods
        2.2.1 Study area and sample collection
        2.2.2 Chemical and standards
        2.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        2.2.4 Sample extraction and Antibiotic analysis
        2.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        2.2.6 Real-Time quantitative PCR (qPCR)
        2.2.7 Data aialysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Occurrence and concentration of antibiotics
        2.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in sediments
        2.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        2.3.4 Quantification ofARGs
        2.3.5 Correlations among antibiotics, ARGs and environmental variables
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
Chapter 3 Tetracyclines, quinolones and sulfonamides and theircorresponding resistance genes in agricultural soils from Central Ethiopia
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials aid Methods
        3.2.1 Chemicals and standards
        3.2.2 Study area and sample collection
        3.2.3 Physicochemical parameters
        3.2.4 Antibiotic analysis
        3.2.5 DNA extraction and ARG detection
        3.2.6 Real-Time qPCR
        3.2.7 Data analysis
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Antibiotics concentrations
        3.3.2 Spatial distribution of antibiotics in soil
        3.3.3 Occurrence of ARGs
        3.3.4 Correlations between antibiotics,ARGs and environmental variables in thesoil samples
    3.4 Discussion
        3.4.1 Profiles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistant gene
        3.4.2 Relationship between environmental variables,antibiotics residues andARGs
        3.4.3 Potential ecological risk of antibiotics in the soils
    3.5 Conclusion
Chapter 4 Summary of the research findings and future directions
References
Appendices
Acknowledgement
Student Profile and Publications



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