硫化氢缓解铝、镉和盐胁迫及硫营养影响大麦生长与品质的生理机制
发布时间：2022-01-09 19:43
硫是植物生长必需元素,硫缺乏抑制作物生长,降低产量和品质。近二十年来,作物硫缺乏在世界范围内呈增长趋势,其主要原因是工业排放二氧化硫减少,低含硫肥料的持续增加使用及含硫杀菌剂和杀虫剂的持续减少使用。另一方面,酸（铝）、盐咸及重金属等环境胁迫正严重制约着作物产量与品质。大麦是全球各地普遍栽培的禾谷类作物,是重要的粮食、饲料以及工业原料作物。硫缺乏也可能影响大麦生长和品质。本研究旨在探讨硫营养对大麦生长、产量及籽粒品质的影响及基因型差异。同时,探讨了外源H2S缓解大麦铝、镉和盐胁迫的生理机制,为通过化学调控手段减轻作物铝、镉和盐胁迫及减少铝、镉积累提供理论与技术指导。主要研究结果如下：1.外源H2S对大麦铝毒害的缓解效应温室水培试验,探讨了外源H2S缓解大麦Al毒害的机理。试验设5个处理：（1）对照,0.5mM CaCl2溶液：（2）Pre-S,Al处理前1d用0.5mM CaCl2溶液+200μM NaHS预处理24h,次日更换为0.5mM CaCl2溶液；（3） Al,0.5mM CaCl2处理24h,次日更换为0.5mM CaCl2+100μM AlCl3溶液；（4） Pre-S+A...
【文章来源】：浙江大学浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：120 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
摘要
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Literature review
1.1 Sulfur in soil
1.2 Sulfur uptake, assimilation and metabolism in plants
1.3 Physiological and metabolic changes in plants under sulfur starvation
1.4 Sulfur and nitrogen interaction in plants
1.5 Interaction of sulfur with other nutrients
1.6 Sulfur for better crop production
1.7 Sulfur-mediated defense against environmental stresses
1.8 Barley and crop production
1.9 Research objectives
Chapter 2 Alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on aluminum toxicity in barley
2.1. Materials and methods
2.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
2.1.2 Measurements of plant height, root length, dry weight and S, Al and other metal concentrations
2.1.3 Examination of root Al distribution
2.1.4 Measurement of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters
2.1.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lipid peroxidation
2.1.6 Assay of enzyme activities
2.1.7 Statictical analysis
2.2 Results
2.2.1 H_2S donor alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and biomass
2.2.2 H_2S suppressed Al uptake in barley plants under Al stress
2.2.3 Effect of Al and H_2S on nutrient content
2.2.4 Effect of Al and H_2S on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
2.2.5 H_2S reduced Al-induced electrolyte leakage and over accumulation of lipid peroxidation
2.2.6 Response of antioxidant enzymes to Al and H_2S addition
2.2.7 Effect of H_2S and Al on ATPase activity in barley roots
2.3 Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Effect of exogenous H_2S on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidative capacity ofbarley plants under cadmium stress
3.1 Materials and methods
3.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
3.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
3.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
3.1.4 Assay of enzyme activities
3.1.5 Determination of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
3.1.6 ROS determination
3.1.7 Histochemical detection of root plasma membrane integrity
3.1.8 Determination of reduced GSH and reduced ascorbic acid contents
3.1.9 Statictical analyses
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley seedlings
3.2.2 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on Cd concentration in barley
3.2.3 Effect of Cd and H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
3.2.4 Effect of H_2S on Cd-induced oxidative stress in barley
3.2.5 Effect of Cd and H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
3.2.6 Effect of exogenous NaHS on H_2O_2 and O_2 production in roots
3.2.7 Effect of exogenous NaHS on GSH and AsA in roots
3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidativesystem of barley under salinity stress
4.1 Materials and methods
4.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
4.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
4.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
4.1.4 Determination of chlorophyll content and gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters
4.1.5 Assay of enzyme activities
4.1.6 Statistical analyses
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley
4.2.2 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on Na~+, K~+ uptake and Na~+/K~+ ratio
4.2.3 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
4.2.4 Effect of H_2S on salt-induced oxidative stress in barley
4.2.5 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
4.3 Discussion
Chapter 5 Effect of sulfur nutrition on growth, nutrient uptake and grain composition ofbarley
5.1 Materials and methods
5.1.1 Growth conditions
5.1.2 Sampling and analysis
5.1.3 Elemental concentration of plant tissues
5.1.4 Beta-amylase assay
5.1.5 Statistical analyses
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Effect of S nutrition on growth and yield components
5.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on S and macro-elements concentrations in barley plants
5.2.3 Effect of S nutrition on micro-nutrients in barley plants
5.2.4 Effect of S on nutrient composition in barley grains
5.2.5 Effect of S nutrition on beta-amylase activity
5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Proteome and amino acid profile in mature barley grains as affected by sulfurfertilization
6.1 Materials and methods
6.1.1 Growth conditions
6.1.2 Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis
6.1.3 Protein visualization, image analysis, and quantification
6.1.4 Peptide and protein identification by database search
6.1.5 Amino acid analysis
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Changes in protein profile of barley grains induced by S nutrition
6.2.1.1 Protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism
6.2.1.2 Stress-related proteins
6.2.1.3 Enzyme inhibitors
6.2.1.4 Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and storage
6.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on amino acid contents
6.3 Discussion
References
本文编号：3579327
【文章来源】：浙江大学浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】：120 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
摘要
Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Literature review
1.1 Sulfur in soil
1.2 Sulfur uptake, assimilation and metabolism in plants
1.3 Physiological and metabolic changes in plants under sulfur starvation
1.4 Sulfur and nitrogen interaction in plants
1.5 Interaction of sulfur with other nutrients
1.6 Sulfur for better crop production
1.7 Sulfur-mediated defense against environmental stresses
1.8 Barley and crop production
1.9 Research objectives
Chapter 2 Alleviation effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on aluminum toxicity in barley
2.1. Materials and methods
2.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
2.1.2 Measurements of plant height, root length, dry weight and S, Al and other metal concentrations
2.1.3 Examination of root Al distribution
2.1.4 Measurement of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters
2.1.5 Determination of relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and lipid peroxidation
2.1.6 Assay of enzyme activities
2.1.7 Statictical analysis
2.2 Results
2.2.1 H_2S donor alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and biomass
2.2.2 H_2S suppressed Al uptake in barley plants under Al stress
2.2.3 Effect of Al and H_2S on nutrient content
2.2.4 Effect of Al and H_2S on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
2.2.5 H_2S reduced Al-induced electrolyte leakage and over accumulation of lipid peroxidation
2.2.6 Response of antioxidant enzymes to Al and H_2S addition
2.2.7 Effect of H_2S and Al on ATPase activity in barley roots
2.3 Discussion
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Effect of exogenous H_2S on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidative capacity ofbarley plants under cadmium stress
3.1 Materials and methods
3.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
3.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
3.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
3.1.4 Assay of enzyme activities
3.1.5 Determination of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters
3.1.6 ROS determination
3.1.7 Histochemical detection of root plasma membrane integrity
3.1.8 Determination of reduced GSH and reduced ascorbic acid contents
3.1.9 Statictical analyses
3.2 Results
3.2.1 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley seedlings
3.2.2 Effect of Cd and exogenous H_2S on Cd concentration in barley
3.2.3 Effect of Cd and H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
3.2.4 Effect of H_2S on Cd-induced oxidative stress in barley
3.2.5 Effect of Cd and H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
3.2.6 Effect of exogenous NaHS on H_2O_2 and O_2 production in roots
3.2.7 Effect of exogenous NaHS on GSH and AsA in roots
3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidativesystem of barley under salinity stress
4.1 Materials and methods
4.1.1 Plant material and growth condition
4.1.2 Plant growth, biomass and Cd determination
4.1.3 Estimation of lipid peroxidation and total soluble protein
4.1.4 Determination of chlorophyll content and gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters
4.1.5 Assay of enzyme activities
4.1.6 Statistical analyses
4.2 Results
4.2.1 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on biomass and plant growth of barley
4.2.2 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on Na~+, K~+ uptake and Na~+/K~+ ratio
4.2.3 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on photosynthetic parameters
4.2.4 Effect of H_2S on salt-induced oxidative stress in barley
4.2.5 Effect of NaCl and exogenous H_2S on antioxidative enzymes
4.3 Discussion
Chapter 5 Effect of sulfur nutrition on growth, nutrient uptake and grain composition ofbarley
5.1 Materials and methods
5.1.1 Growth conditions
5.1.2 Sampling and analysis
5.1.3 Elemental concentration of plant tissues
5.1.4 Beta-amylase assay
5.1.5 Statistical analyses
5.2 Results
5.2.1 Effect of S nutrition on growth and yield components
5.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on S and macro-elements concentrations in barley plants
5.2.3 Effect of S nutrition on micro-nutrients in barley plants
5.2.4 Effect of S on nutrient composition in barley grains
5.2.5 Effect of S nutrition on beta-amylase activity
5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Proteome and amino acid profile in mature barley grains as affected by sulfurfertilization
6.1 Materials and methods
6.1.1 Growth conditions
6.1.2 Protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis
6.1.3 Protein visualization, image analysis, and quantification
6.1.4 Peptide and protein identification by database search
6.1.5 Amino acid analysis
6.2 Results
6.2.1 Changes in protein profile of barley grains induced by S nutrition
6.2.1.1 Protein involved in carbohydrate metabolism
6.2.1.2 Stress-related proteins
6.2.1.3 Enzyme inhibitors
6.2.1.4 Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and storage
6.2.2 Effect of S nutrition on amino acid contents
6.3 Discussion
References
本文编号：3579327
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