Utilization of Some Organic Residues as Ameliorating Materia
发布时间：2023-11-12 14:02
通过在中国湖北省黄石市土壤重金属污染区设立田间实验,研究施用不同量稻草秸秆(RS)、绿肥(GM)和猪粪(PM)对土壤中铜(Cu)和镉(Cd)形态影响,以及对有机质结合铜镉含量、小麦不同部位铜镉吸收量及土壤微生物性质的影响。稻草、绿肥和猪粪施用显著降低了土壤中可溶态/可交换态铜镉浓度,增加了有机结合态和无机态结合态铜镉含量。与对照相比,施加稻草秸秆可降低种植前土壤中残渣态铜镉含量,绿肥和猪粪增加了残渣态铜镉含量。稻草、绿肥和猪粪的施用不影响小麦收割后土壤残渣态铜镉含量。有机物料施用可影响土壤多种性质,如土壤酸碱度(pH)、电导率(EC)、有机质含量(SOM)和土壤有效磷含量(AP),而这些因素的改变又能显著影响污染土壤中铜镉的分布。在小麦种植前和收获后,土壤导电率、酸碱度、有机质含量、土壤有效磷含量与可溶态/可交换态铜镉含量呈显著负相关,其中有机质含量的增加是污染土壤中的有效性铜镉含量减少的最重要因素。与小麦种植前相比,小麦收获后有机质在降低铜镉有效性的作用更小。在三种修复剂中,施用稻草秸秆是减少铜镉有效性最有效的修复剂,且增加施用量的效果更佳。在稻草秸秆施用的土壤中发现了大量的有机结合...
【文章页数】：132 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter 1 Review of literature
1.1. Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals
1.2. Hazdrous effects of heavy metals Effect of heavy metals
1.2.1. Effect of heavy metals on human health
1.2.2. Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial properties
1.2.2.1. Soil microbial biomass and counts
1.2.2.2. Soil enzymes activities
1.2.3. Effect of heavy metals on plant growth
1.3. Remediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils
1.4. Effect of organic amendments on availability and distribution of heavy metals insoils
1.5. Soil factors controlling the availability of heavy metals in soils
1.6. Binding of heavy metals with soil organic matter fractions
1.7. Effect of organic amendments on soil properties
1.7.1. Basic soil chemical properties
1.7.2. Soil microbial properties
1.8. Effect of organic amendments on plant growth and metals accumulation
1.9. Research aims
Chapter 2 Fractionation of Cu and Cd in a contaminated soil amended with organicwastes
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and Methods
2.2.1. Field experiment
2.2.2. Soil analysis
2.2.3. Organic amendments analysis
2.2.4. Sequential extraction of Cu and Cd in the soil
2.2.5. Statistical analysis
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Soil chemical properties
2.3.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd in the soil
2.3.3. Relationships between soil properties and Cu and Cd fractions
2.3.3.1. Before the planting of wheat
2.3.3.2. After the harvest of wheat
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Soil chemical properties
2.4.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Binding of Cu and Cd by organic matter fractions in a contaminated soilameliorated with organic amendments
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Materials and Methods
3.2.1. Analysis of Cu and Cd bound with POM
3.2.2. Determination of Cu and Cd linked with soil humic substances
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Influence of organic amendments on Cu and Cd bound by POM
3.3.1.1. Before the growing of wheat
3.3.1.2. After the harvest of wheat
3.3.2. Influence of organic amendments on the fixation of Cu and Cd by humicsubstances
3.3.2.1. Before the growing of wheat
3.3.2.2. After the harvest of wheat
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Binding of Cu and Cd with POM fractions
3.4.2. Retention of Cu and Cd by humic substances fractions
3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Accumulation and distrbution of Cu and Cd in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) as influenced by organic amendments
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.2.1. Plant analysis
4.2.2. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cu and Cd
4.3. Results
4.3.1. Nutrients, protein contents and yield of wheat
4.3.2. Accumulation of Cu and Cd in wheat
4.3.3. Bio-concentration and translocation of Cu and Cd
4.3.4. Correlations between soil basic properties and the absorption of Cu and Cd bywheat
4.3.5. Correlations between Cu and Cd fractions and their absorption by wheat
4.4. Discussion
4.5. Conclusions
Chapter 5 Microbial properties after in situ remediation of a heavy metalcontaminated soil
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Material and Methods
5.2.1. Microbial biomass
5.2.2. Enzymes activities
5.2.2.1. Dehydrogenase
5.2.2.2. Phosphatase
5.2.2.3. Urease
5.2.2.4. Protease
5.2.2.5. Invertase
5.2.2.6. Catalase
5.2.3. Total microorganisms
5.3. Results
5.3.1. Effects of organic amendments on soil microbial biomass
5.3.2. Response of soil enzymes activities to organic amendments
5.3.3. Effect of organic amendments on total numbers of soil microorganisms
5.3.4. Correlations between soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties
5.3.5. Relationships between the different fractions of Cu and Cd and soil microbialproperties
5.4. Discussion
5.5. Conclusions
Chapter 6 General conclusions
References
Acknowledgement
List of Publications
本文编号：3863299
【文章页数】：132 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter 1 Review of literature
1.1. Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals
1.2. Hazdrous effects of heavy metals Effect of heavy metals
1.2.1. Effect of heavy metals on human health
1.2.2. Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial properties
1.2.2.1. Soil microbial biomass and counts
1.2.2.2. Soil enzymes activities
1.2.3. Effect of heavy metals on plant growth
1.3. Remediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils
1.4. Effect of organic amendments on availability and distribution of heavy metals insoils
1.5. Soil factors controlling the availability of heavy metals in soils
1.6. Binding of heavy metals with soil organic matter fractions
1.7. Effect of organic amendments on soil properties
1.7.1. Basic soil chemical properties
1.7.2. Soil microbial properties
1.8. Effect of organic amendments on plant growth and metals accumulation
1.9. Research aims
Chapter 2 Fractionation of Cu and Cd in a contaminated soil amended with organicwastes
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Materials and Methods
2.2.1. Field experiment
2.2.2. Soil analysis
2.2.3. Organic amendments analysis
2.2.4. Sequential extraction of Cu and Cd in the soil
2.2.5. Statistical analysis
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Soil chemical properties
2.3.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd in the soil
2.3.3. Relationships between soil properties and Cu and Cd fractions
2.3.3.1. Before the planting of wheat
2.3.3.2. After the harvest of wheat
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Soil chemical properties
2.4.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3 Binding of Cu and Cd by organic matter fractions in a contaminated soilameliorated with organic amendments
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Materials and Methods
3.2.1. Analysis of Cu and Cd bound with POM
3.2.2. Determination of Cu and Cd linked with soil humic substances
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Influence of organic amendments on Cu and Cd bound by POM
3.3.1.1. Before the growing of wheat
3.3.1.2. After the harvest of wheat
3.3.2. Influence of organic amendments on the fixation of Cu and Cd by humicsubstances
3.3.2.1. Before the growing of wheat
3.3.2.2. After the harvest of wheat
3.4. Discussion
3.4.1. Binding of Cu and Cd with POM fractions
3.4.2. Retention of Cu and Cd by humic substances fractions
3.5. Conclusions
Chapter 4 Accumulation and distrbution of Cu and Cd in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) as influenced by organic amendments
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Materials and Methods
4.2.1. Plant analysis
4.2.2. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cu and Cd
4.3. Results
4.3.1. Nutrients, protein contents and yield of wheat
4.3.2. Accumulation of Cu and Cd in wheat
4.3.3. Bio-concentration and translocation of Cu and Cd
4.3.4. Correlations between soil basic properties and the absorption of Cu and Cd bywheat
4.3.5. Correlations between Cu and Cd fractions and their absorption by wheat
4.4. Discussion
4.5. Conclusions
Chapter 5 Microbial properties after in situ remediation of a heavy metalcontaminated soil
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Material and Methods
5.2.1. Microbial biomass
5.2.2. Enzymes activities
5.2.2.1. Dehydrogenase
5.2.2.2. Phosphatase
5.2.2.3. Urease
5.2.2.4. Protease
5.2.2.5. Invertase
5.2.2.6. Catalase
5.2.3. Total microorganisms
5.3. Results
5.3.1. Effects of organic amendments on soil microbial biomass
5.3.2. Response of soil enzymes activities to organic amendments
5.3.3. Effect of organic amendments on total numbers of soil microorganisms
5.3.4. Correlations between soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties
5.3.5. Relationships between the different fractions of Cu and Cd and soil microbialproperties
5.4. Discussion
5.5. Conclusions
Chapter 6 General conclusions
References
Acknowledgement
List of Publications
本文编号：3863299
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