低碳经济背景下国际碳交易市场发展及其前景

发布时间：2017-12-28 22:11

本文关键词：低碳经济背景下国际碳交易市场发展及其前景　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着世界经济的高速发展,全球范围内以牺牲环境为代价换取的经济增长已不能满足人类的可持续发展。与此同时,全世界人的环境保护意识也日趋增强,各国从居民到政府都逐渐意识到环境保护的重要性,低碳经济的发展概念即是在这一背景下提出的。低碳经济首次以术语形式出现是在20世纪90年代的后期,Kinzig和Kammen在其文献中首次提及。但是,低碳经济这一术语首次出现在官方文件中是在2003年,英国前首相布莱尔发布在其《我们未来的能源——创建低碳经济》中提出,为实现发展低碳经济、建立低碳经济社会的目标,要逐年控制二氧化碳的排放量,使得二氧化碳排放量在以1990年为基础的前提下,到2020年时减少20%,到2050年时减少60%。白皮书要求要通过提高资源的生产率,达到以更少的碳排放实现更多经济产出的发展目标。综观世界各国应对低碳经济的发展工具,碳排放权是各国最为重要的政策工具,为各国带来的经济效益和环境效益共存。自《京都议定书》确立了国际碳交易市场发展的三种机制后,碳排放权交易市场在各国不断建立并快速发展。据权威机构预测,未来,碳排放权交易市场有望超过石油交易市场,成为全球交易规模最大的市场。目前,全球碳交易市场处于发展的前期,交易机制、交易体系等都处于不断探索、不断发展的时期,发展中也不断出现许多问题。随着今后世界各国关于气候问题共识的不断深入,未来碳交易市场发展前景会更加广阔。本文从低碳经济概念的起源、内涵出发,说明了低碳经济背景下发展碳交易市场的必要性和紧迫性,并综合介绍和分析了碳交易市场的三种减排机制、市场交易体系、交易主体、交易对象、价格形成机制等,以期为中国即将到来的全国性碳交易市场做准备。在初步探索了发展全球性碳交易市场的过程中遇到的主要问题后,本文结合目前世界各国关于气候变化的政策、全球能源结构现状、全球气候变化这三个方面,浅要展望国际碳交易市场未来的发展趋势。最后,作为世界经济体系中日益重要的一员,中国碳交易市场的发展也受到世界各国的关注,通过综合分析国际主要碳交易市场的发展经验,为即将到来的2017年中国全国性碳交易市场的建立与未来的发展提出一些可能的建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, the economic growth in the world at the expense of the sacrifice of the environment is unable to meet the sustainable development of human beings. At the same time, people's awareness of environmental protection is also growing. People from all over the world to the government gradually realize the importance of environmental protection. The concept of low carbon economy is put forward under this background. The low carbon economy first appeared in the terminology in the late 1990s, and Kinzig and Kammen were first mentioned in their literature. However, the term low carbon economy for the first time in the official document in 2003, the former British Prime Minister Blair issued the "our energy future: creating a low carbon economy", in order to realize the development of low-carbon economy and establish low-carbon economic and social goals, to control carbon dioxide emissions annually, making carbon dioxide in 1990, emissions in the basis, by 2020 20% reduction by 2050, reduced by 60%. The white paper requires the development of more economic output by increasing the productivity of resources to achieve more economic output with less carbon emissions. Taking a comprehensive look at the world's tools to deal with low carbon economy, carbon emissions right is the most important policy tool of all countries, which coexists with economic and environmental benefits for all countries. Since the Kyoto Protocol established the three mechanisms for the development of the international carbon trading market, the carbon emission trading market has been established and developed rapidly in various countries. According to the authoritative agency, the carbon emission trading market is expected to exceed the oil market in the future and become the largest market in the world. At present, the global carbon trading market is in the early stage of development, and the trading mechanism and trading system are constantly exploring and developing. There are also many problems in the development. With the continuous deepening of the consensus on climate issues in the world in the future, the future of the carbon trading market will be broader. This article from the concept of low carbon economy of the origin, connotation, explains the necessity and urgency of the development of carbon trading market under the background of low carbon economy, and introduced and analyzed three kinds of emission reduction mechanism, carbon trading market trading system, subject, object, price formation mechanism, in order to prepare as a national carbon trading market Chinese upcoming. In the preliminary exploration of the main problems encountered in the development process of global carbon trading market in the world, based on climate change policy, global energy structure, global climate change in these three aspects, the development trend of shallow prospects of the international carbon trading market in the future. Finally, as a member of the world economic system is becoming more and more important in the development of China carbon trading market is also popular around the world, through the comprehensive analysis of development experience of international carbon trading market, the establishment and future development put forward some suggestions for the upcoming 2017 Chinese national carbon trading market.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X196;F831.5

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