利用蚯蚓堆肥处理羊粪和菇渣及蚓粪肥效的研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 00:50

本文关键词：利用蚯蚓堆肥处理羊粪和菇渣及蚓粪肥效的研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来农业有机废弃物排放量与日俱增,随之出现的环境污染与资源浪费现象是当今社会不容忽视的问题。为此,本研究采取室内培养试验与盆栽试验相结合的方法,针对目前羊粪和菇渣的污染及处理现状,将二者按不同比例搭配进行蚯蚓堆肥试验,通过分析蚯蚓的生长繁殖状况及蚯蚓处理前后物料性状的变化,选出最佳物料配比并进一步研究蚯蚓的最适接种密度;在此基础上探讨施用蚓粪对油麦菜生长发育、产量及品质的影响,以期为羊粪与菇渣的处理及蚓粪的利用提供依据。主要结论如下:1.相比于新鲜羊粪与菇渣组合的物料,蚯蚓在发酵羊粪与菇渣混合的物料中生长繁殖状况更好。其中,最适合蚯蚓生长和繁殖的物料配比为20%菇渣+80%发酵羊粪和50%菇渣+50%发酵羊粪。2.蚯蚓堆肥过程明显促进了羊粪和菇渣的降解。经蚯蚓堆制处理后,物料的有机质含量下降,全氮、全磷、全钾及速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量升高,pH由碱性降低至趋近中性。3.蚯蚓处理有机废弃物时接种密度过高或过低都会影响蚯蚓的生长发育。利用菇渣与羊粪混合饲养赤子爱胜蚓,最佳接种密度为每千克风干物料中接种32～48条蚯蚓。4.施用蚓粪可以提高油麦菜产量、株高和叶片数,改善油麦菜营养品质。与单施化肥相比,蚓粪的施用不同程度地提高了油麦菜可溶性蛋白、叶绿素、氨基酸总量和17种不同氨基酸含量,同时使油麦菜含水率和硝酸盐含量降低。综合来看,在油麦菜的种植中蚓粪替代30%～50%化肥时效果最佳。5.与单施化肥相比,蚓粪的施用促进了油麦菜对氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锰、镍、铜、锌、钼、铁、钠和钴元素的吸收,同时降低了油麦菜中铬、砷、镉和铅的含量。6.蚓粪与化肥配施改善了油麦菜叶片细胞的超微结构,使线粒体数量增加,内嵴清晰;叶绿体片层数增多,嗜锇颗粒和淀粉粒减少,提高了细胞的光合作用和能量供应效率。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the emission of agricultural organic waste is increasing, the environmental pollution and waste of resources is a problem that can not be ignored in today's society. This study adopted the method of combining indoor culture experiment with pot experiment, aiming at the pollution and treatment status of sheep manure and mushroom dregs at present, the earthworm composting test was carried out according to the different proportion of the two. Through analyzing the growth and reproduction of earthworm and the change of material character before and after treatment, the best material proportion was selected and the optimum inoculation density of earthworm was further studied. On this basis, the effects of application of earthworm manure on the growth, yield and quality of oat were studied. In order to provide a basis for the treatment of sheep manure and mushroom dregs and the utilization of earthworm dung. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Compared with fresh sheep dung and mushroom dregs combined materials. The growth and reproduction of earthworm in the mixed material of fermenting sheep dung and mushroom dregs is better. The best proportion of materials suitable for earthworm growth and reproduction is 20% mushroom dregs 80% fermented sheep dung and 50% mushroom dregs. The composting process of earthworm obviously promoted the degradation of sheep dung and mushroom dregs, and was treated by earthworm composting. The content of organic matter decreased, but the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased. The pH decreased from alkalinity to neuter. The high or too low inoculation density of earthworm could affect the growth and development of earthworm. The optimum inoculation density was 32 ~ 48 earthworms per kilogram of air-dried materials. The application of earthworm manure could increase the yield, plant height and leaf number, and improve the nutritive quality of oat vegetables. The application of earthworm manure increased the content of soluble protein, chlorophyll, amino acid and 17 kinds of amino acids, and decreased the water content and nitrate content. Compared with the single fertilizer application, the application of earthworm manure promoted the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum. The absorption of Fe, Na and Co, and the decrease of Cr, as, CD and Pb contents in greasy vegetables. The application of earthworm manure and chemical fertilizer improved the ultrastructure of leaf cells, increased the number of mitochondria and made the inner cristae clear. The number of chloroplast lamellae increased, osmiophilic granules and starch granules decreased, which increased the cell photosynthesis and energy supply efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4;X71

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