永磁同步电主轴温度场计算分析

发布时间：2018-01-01 14:41

本文关键词：永磁同步电主轴温度场计算分析　出处：《沈阳工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高速加工技术因其高速度、高效率、高精度等优点已跃身成为了当今先进制造技术中的关键技术。而在高速加工技术中,电主轴的温升问题是影响其加工精度的一个主要因素,严重制约着高速加工技术的发展。为更好的研究电主轴的热态特性,本课题选用发热量较小的永磁同步电主轴,通过理论分析和有限元仿真对永磁同步电主轴的热态特性进行研究,探究其温度场的分布特点,在此基础上得到其热态特性变化规律,总结出能够有效降低永磁同步电主轴温升的措施,进而为以后电主轴的结构设计起到一定的参考作用。课题主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:介绍了永磁同步电主轴的基本结构和工作原理,并对主轴系统的主要关键技术进行了分析,包括与主轴热态性能相关的润滑技术和主轴的冷却技术。分析了永磁同步电主轴的热变形机理,并探究其主要热源。讨论了不同工况对电主轴温升的影响,其中转速和润滑油的运动粘度对主轴的温升影响较大。对永磁同步电主轴的两大热源进行分析及计算;对电主轴在运转过程中的主要换热系数进行了计算,包括:电机定子与循环冷却管内冷却水的对流换热、定转子与气隙空气的对流换热、转子两端与周围空气的换热、轴承座与冷却槽内冷却水的对流换热、轴承与压缩空气的对流换热,以及主轴外壳与周围空气的换热。还研究了冷却系统中的冷却水流量、油气润滑系统的压缩空气流量对电主轴各换热系数的影响。建立了永磁同步电主轴的有限元分析模型,并运用ANSYS Workbench软件对永磁同步电主轴稳态及瞬态温度场进行仿真分析。通过温度场分布图,分析了温度场的分布规律,结果显示主轴整体温度分布很不均匀,其中轴承处温升最大。依照温度场分布的规律总结了降低永磁同步电主轴温升的措施,包括增大冷却水的流量、对轴芯通压缩空气以及降低润滑油运动的粘度,依据措施对电主轴改进后进行了温度场仿真,并将结果与改进前温度分布进行了对比,有效地降低了电主轴的温升。
[Abstract]:High-speed machining technology has become the key technology in the advanced manufacturing technology because of its high speed, high efficiency, high precision and so on. The temperature rise of motorized spindle is one of the main factors that affect its machining accuracy, which seriously restricts the development of high-speed machining technology. In order to better study the thermal characteristics of motorized spindle. In this paper, the thermal characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous spindle are studied by theoretical analysis and finite element simulation, and the distribution characteristics of temperature field are explored. On the basis of this, the variation law of its thermal state characteristic is obtained, and the measures that can effectively reduce the temperature rise of PMSM are summarized. The main contents are as follows: the basic structure and working principle of permanent magnet synchronous spindle are introduced. The main key technologies of the spindle system are analyzed, including the lubrication technology related to the hot state performance of the spindle and the cooling technology of the spindle, and the thermal deformation mechanism of the permanent magnet synchronous motorized spindle is analyzed. The influence of different working conditions on the temperature rise of motorized spindle is discussed. The rotational speed and the viscosity of lubricating oil have great influence on the temperature rise of the spindle. The two heat sources of the permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle are analyzed and calculated. The main heat transfer coefficients of motorized spindle during operation are calculated, including: convection heat transfer of cooling water in motor stator and circulating cooling pipe, convection heat transfer between stator and rotor and air gap air. The heat transfer between the two ends of the rotor and the surrounding air, the convection heat transfer of the cooling water in the bearing seat and the cooling trough, and the convection heat transfer between the bearing and compressed air. The cooling water flow rate in the cooling system is also studied. The influence of compressed air flow rate on heat transfer coefficient of motor spindle is studied. The finite element analysis model of permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle is established. The steady and transient temperature fields of permanent magnet synchronous motor spindle are simulated and analyzed by ANSYS Workbench software, and the distribution law of temperature field is analyzed by temperature field distribution diagram. The results show that the overall temperature distribution of the spindle is very uneven, in which the temperature rise at the bearing is the largest. According to the temperature field distribution, the measures to reduce the temperature rise of the permanent magnet synchronous spindle are summarized, including increasing the flow of cooling water. The temperature field of the motorized spindle was simulated according to the measures to reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil and the compressed air through the shaft, and the results were compared with the temperature distribution before the improvement. The temperature rise of the motorized spindle is reduced effectively.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG502.3

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