基于隧道实验的郑州市机动车颗粒物源成分谱研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 03:06

本文关键词：基于隧道实验的郑州市机动车颗粒物源成分谱研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了获取定量的当地机动车颗粒物源成分谱,需要在真实的道路驾驶条件下进行实验研究,但是目前为止还没有任何一项关于测试郑州市机动车排放颗粒物化学组分的实验研究。本研究选取隧道实验,在郑州市京广北路隧道测定了机动车PM_(2.5),有机碳(OC),元素碳(EC),水溶性无机离子(Na~+,NH_4~+,K+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),F~ ,Cl~ ,NO_3~ 和SO_4~(2 ))和多达25种元素(Be、B、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Pb)的平均质量浓度和数浓度,以及这些机动车颗粒物化学组成成分的粒径分布特征。本研究中隧道采样点1和采样点2处的PM_(2.5)的平均质量浓度分别是198.5±62.5μg m~(-3)和246.6±44.9μg m~(-3)。在隧道10 h采样期间总共有190451辆机动车穿过隧道,其中98%是轻型机动车。本次研究结果表明,在机动车PM_(2.5)中含碳组分占有最大比例,其次是SO_4~(2-),然后是NO_3~-,这种结果与分级颗粒物(PM_(0.4,PM_(0.4-0.7),PM_(0.7-1.1),PM_(1.1-2.1),PM_(2.1-3.3),PM_(3.3-4.7),PM_(4.7-5.8),PM_(5.8-9),PM_(9-10)分析测试得出的结果一致。平均来说,隧道内机动车颗粒物质量主要集中在1.1-2.1μm粒径范围内,SO_4~(2-)也是同样,而OC、NH_4~+和NO_3~-主要集中在更小的粒径范围0.7-1.1μm。隧道内混合车型机动车PM_(2.5)、OC和EC的平均排放因子分别是36.0 mg veh-1 km-1、10.2 mg veh-1 km-1和4.0 mg veh-1 km-1。从颗粒物数浓度角度来说,大多数颗粒物聚集在核模态范围,峰值现象主要出现在早上6点和晚上6点,这与机动车交通高峰期是一致的。元素分析中,K元素含量最高,Zn元素可能与刹车磨损有关,Al,Ca和Fe更易受道路扬尘的影响,Pb含量降低主要是国家推广使用无铅汽油政策的原因。通过与国内外隧道实验结果对比可知,国内隧道的机动车颗粒物污染情况要比国外严重的多,中国大陆隧道的颗粒物污染情况要比中国台湾严重的多,改善机动车颗粒物污染状况势在必行。
[Abstract]:In order to obtain quantitative spectrum of particulate matter sources of local motor vehicles, it is necessary to carry out experimental research under real road driving conditions. But so far there is no experimental study on the test of the chemical components of particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles in Zhengzhou. The tunnel experiment is selected in this study. In the Jingguang North Road Tunnel of Zhengzhou City, the PMX 2.5, OC, ECC, Na ~ + NH _ 4 ~ + K were measured. Mg~(2 and up to 25 kinds of elements, Bea, B, B, mg, Al and Si, are found in this paper. The average mass concentration and the number concentration of SbPb (SbPb) are obtained from K _ (Ca-CaO) (V _ (+) C _ (+) C _ (+) C _ (2) C _ (2) C _ (2) C _ (2) C _ (2) C _ (2) C _ (2)). And the particle size distribution characteristics of the chemical components of these vehicle particulates. In this study, PMSP 2.5 at the tunnel sampling sites 1 and 2). The mean mass concentrations were 198.5 卤62.5 渭 g / m ~ (-3) and 246.6 卤44.9 渭 g / m ~ (-3), respectively. A total of 190451 vehicles passed through the tunnel during the 10-hour sampling period. Of these, 98% are light vehicles. The results of this study show that the largest proportion of carbon is found in motor vehicle PMCs 2.5), followed by so _ 4 / C _ 2 and then no _ 3 ~ (-) _ _ _. This result is similar to that of classified particulate matter: 0.4-0.70.4-0.70.7-1.1). PMCs 2.1-3.3 / PMP / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P / P /. The results of PMS-9-10) analysis are consistent. On average, the mass of motor vehicle particles in the tunnel is mainly within the range of 1.1-2.1 渭 m. The same is true for so 4 / 2, and the OC is the same. NH4and NO3s-mainly concentrated in the smaller particle size range of 0.7-1.1 渭 m. The average emission factors of OC and EC were 36.0 mg veh-1 km-1, respectively. 10. 2 mg veh-1 km-1 and 4. 0 mg veh-1 km-1. In terms of the number of particles, most of the particles were concentrated in the nuclear mode range. The peak appeared at 6 o'clock in the morning and 6 o'clock in the evening, which was consistent with the peak period of motor vehicle traffic. The highest content of K and Zn in elemental analysis may be related to brake wear. The decrease of Ca and Fe content is mainly due to the national policy of promoting the use of unleaded gasoline. The results of tunnel experiments at home and abroad show that Ca and Fe are more susceptible to the influence of road dust. The pollution of motor vehicle particulates in domestic tunnels is much more serious than that in foreign countries, and that in Chinese mainland tunnels is much more serious than that in Taiwan, so it is imperative to improve the pollution situation of motor vehicle particulates.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X734.2

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