磷钨酸铯—瓜环包合物催化废弃食用油制备生物柴油

发布时间：2018-01-11 17:34

  本文关键词：磷钨酸铯—瓜环包合物催化废弃食用油制备生物柴油　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 磷钨酸铯 瓜环 废弃食用油 生物柴油

【摘要】：随着科学技术和社会经济的飞速发展,人类对能源的依赖性越来越大。我国是一个能源消耗大国,能源需求量的不断增长与日益减少的能源储量之间的矛盾日益凸显。并且,传统的化石能源既不可再生又会对环境造成污染。因此,寻找一种替代常规化石能源的清洁可再生能源显得格外重要。生物柴油是一种新型可再生的清洁能源,它无毒,可再生和可生物降解,因而受到越来越多科学家的关注。本文在结合中国的基本国情之上,选用了废弃食用油来作为制备生物柴油的原料,一是可有效降低生产成本;二是可有效处理废弃食用油,能够有效避免其经过提炼再以食用油的身份流向餐桌危害消费者健康。本论文在参考国内外研究的基础上,采用两步法合成了磷钨铯多金属氧酸盐Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40和七元瓜环(CB[7])包合物,并将其用于催化废弃食用油转化为生物柴油的实验研究。通过相关的实验研究和数据分析,验证了本文的实验思路是可行的。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)制备了磷钨酸铯-瓜环的包合物。磷钨酸铯的制备采用两步法:先使用磷酸氢二钠和钨酸钠制得磷钨酸,然后使用磷钨酸和碳酸铯制得磷钨酸铯。七元瓜环的制备也采用了两步法:先用尿素和乙二醛制得甘脲,然后使用甘脲和多聚甲醛制得七元瓜环。最后按照磷钨酸铯和七元瓜环物质的量1:1的配比在超声作用下得到了最后的包合物。并采用红外和XRD(X射线衍射)对单体和包合物以及单体混合物进行了表征,以证明包合的尝试是可行的。(2)通过响应面法优化实验分析,求得在最佳反应条件下,即催化剂用量为2.00wt%、醇油比为11:1、反应时间为150min、反应温度为70℃时,本实验的最大转化率可以达到95.1%。通过建模,得到了各反应条件和实验转化率之间的编码的二次线性回归方程。通过P值、等高线图和残差图的分析,验证了实验模型的可靠性。(3)对实验进行动力学分析,在拟合直线的线性相关系数的平方值都是大于0.99的条件下,对实验中反应的动力学数据进行了分析,得到了速率常数、活化能和指前因子。(4)通过对实验产品的成分分析,可以确定本实验产品是生物柴油无误,且脂肪酸甲酯的比例达到了96.80%。通过对生物柴油产品的理化性质分析,可以确定其多项理化性质都满足美国生物柴油标准ASTM D6751和国家生物柴油标准GB/T25199-2010。瓜环的内部空腔可以用于包合磷钨酸铯,并且将此包合物应用于催化废弃食用油转化为生物柴油具有很高的催化效率,在一个比较容易实现的实验条件下,取得了较好的实验转化率。并且通过分析,得到的生物柴油产品的脂肪酸甲酯含量比例高,各理化性质理论上可以满足柴油机的燃烧需求。从而验证了本论文研究工作的意义,为妥善处理废弃食用油提供了一种新的催化剂可供选择。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and social economy, people depend more and more on energy. The contradiction between the increasing energy demand and the decreasing energy reserves is increasingly prominent. Moreover, the traditional fossil energy is neither renewable nor pollution to the environment. It is particularly important to find a clean and renewable alternative to conventional fossil energy. Biodiesel is a new type of renewable clean energy, it is non-toxic, renewable and biodegradable. Therefore, more and more scientists pay attention to it. Based on the basic conditions of China, this paper selects waste cooking oil as the raw material for the preparation of biodiesel. First, it can effectively reduce the production cost; Second, it can effectively deal with the waste edible oil, and can effectively avoid the status of cooking oil after refining to the table to endanger consumer health. This paper on the basis of reference to domestic and foreign research. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and CB were synthesized by two-step method. [7) inclusion complex and its application in catalytic conversion of waste edible oil to biodiesel. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1). The inclusion compound of cesium phosphotungstate and melon ring was prepared. The preparation of cesium phosphotungstate was carried out in two steps: first, the phosphotungstic acid was prepared from disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium tungstate. Caesium phosphotungstic acid and cesium carbonate were used to obtain cesium phosphotungstate. At last, the final inclusion compound was obtained by ultrasonic action according to the ratio of cesium phosphotungstate and 1: 1. The final inclusion compound was obtained by IR and XRD (1: 1). The monomer, inclusion compound and monomer mixture were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In order to prove the feasibility of inclusion. 2) by optimizing the experimental analysis by response surface method, the optimum reaction conditions are obtained, that is, the amount of catalyst is 2.00 wtand the ratio of alcohol to oil is 11: 1. When the reaction time is 150 min and the reaction temperature is 70 鈩，

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