立式抽油机非圆齿轮换向机构建模与优化

发布时间：2018-01-19 18:28

本文关键词： 非圆齿轮换向机构修形运动学分析有限元分析优化　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：换向机构是抽油机的重要组成部分之一。目前,立式抽油机的换向方式主要有机械换向和电机换向,其中机械换向以链传动换向机构为主,该换向方式存在现场维护难度较大,换向架链条寿命短以及换向冲击载荷大等问题;而电机换向方式成本高且有待于提高换向系统的寿命和可靠性。本课题前期研究人员结合不完全齿轮间歇传动与非圆齿轮变速传动的特点,设计了一种新型不完全非圆齿轮换向机构,能实现输入轴连续恒转速,输出轴周期性地匀加速—匀速—匀减速的正反转运动,本文在前期研究工作的基础上进行了以下研究:(1)通过改变输出轴的位置和是否在中间传动轴上加支撑轴承,设计了3种不完全非圆齿轮换向机构模型,并综合对比分析各种方案的优缺点,最后选择适合工程实际应用的最佳方案;以抽油杆行程为依据,确定非圆齿轮机构输入轴速度时采用曲线积分法,能准确满足输出行程要求。(2)分析非圆齿轮换向机构工作过程并根据不完全非圆齿轮齿廓的结构特点,分析换向时不完全齿轮首齿进入啮合与末齿退出啮合的过程;根据理论转角关系,得到换向时轮齿发生干涉的位置,在保证非圆齿轮换向机构能正常工作的前提下,对主动非圆齿轮首齿提出两种修形方法。(3)利用Solidworks对非圆齿轮换向机构进行实体建模,分别将主动非圆齿轮首齿两种修形方法的三维模型导入动力学分析软件ADAMS,进行运动学分析并得到各齿轮及轴的位移、速度、加速度和接触力曲线图,对比不同修形方法的曲线图得到最佳修形方法;确定轮齿最大冲击力,为以后齿根最大弯曲应力分析及轮齿优化提供基础。(4)利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对输出齿轮轴、主动非圆齿轮首齿和末齿进行有限元静力学分析,得到应力应变分布云图,并根据分析结果对非圆齿轮进行参数优化,对优化后的轮齿进行强度校核,检查其是否满足弯曲疲劳强度条件,优化后的换向机构不仅能满足疲劳强度要求还减小了机构整体尺寸,对工程实际意义重大。
[Abstract]:The reversing mechanism is one of the important parts of pumping unit. At present, the commutating mode of vertical pumping unit mainly includes mechanical commutation and motor commutation, in which the mechanical commutation mechanism is mainly chain drive commutator. The commutation mode has some problems, such as the difficulty of field maintenance, the short life of commutator chain and the large impact load of commutator. The commutation mode of the motor has high cost and needs to improve the life and reliability of the commutator system. This paper combines the characteristics of intermittent transmission of incomplete gear and non-circular gear transmission. A new type of incomplete non-circular gear reversing mechanism is designed, which can realize the continuous constant speed of the input shaft and the positive and inverse motion of the output shaft with periodic and uniform acceleration, uniform speed and even deceleration. In this paper, based on the previous research work, the following research is carried out: 1) by changing the position of the output shaft and whether to add support bearing to the middle drive shaft, three models of incomplete non-circular gear reversing mechanism are designed. The advantages and disadvantages of various schemes are compared and analyzed synthetically. Finally, the best scheme suitable for the practical application of the project is selected. According to the stroke of sucker rod, the curve integral method is used to determine the velocity of input shaft of non-circular gear mechanism. It can accurately meet the requirement of output stroke.) analyzing the working process of non-circular gear reversing mechanism and according to the structural characteristics of incomplete non-circular gear tooth profile. This paper analyzes the process of the incomplete gear headgear entering the meshing and the final gear exiting the meshing when reversing. According to the theoretical angle relation, the position of gear interference is obtained, and the non-circular gear commutating mechanism can work normally. This paper presents two modification methods for the headgear of the active non-circular gear. (3) using Solidworks to model the reversing mechanism of the non-circular gear. The 3D model of the two modification methods for the head teeth of the active non-circular gear was imported into the dynamic analysis software Adams to analyze the kinematics and obtain the displacement, velocity, acceleration and contact force curves of each gear and its shaft. The optimum modification method is obtained by comparing the curves of different modification methods. Determine the maximum impact force of the gear teeth, provide a basis for the analysis of the maximum bending stress of the tooth root and the optimization of the gear teeth. 4) use the ANSYS finite element analysis software to analyze the output gear shaft. The stress and strain distribution cloud diagram is obtained by finite element statics analysis of the first and final teeth of the non-circular active gear. According to the analysis results, the parameters of the non-circular gear are optimized, and the strength of the optimized gear tooth is checked. The optimized reversing mechanism can not only meet the fatigue strength requirements but also reduce the overall size of the mechanism, which is of great significance to engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE933.1

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