羊毛纤维品质对地毯性能的影响

发布时间：2018-01-21 02:04

本文关键词： 和田手工地毯羊毛指标分析验证　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：和田手工地毯是以当地和田羊毛作为地毯原料编织的地毯。和田手工地毯的成形,从原料收购、分拣、清洗、烘干、纺纱到编织及后整理,每一道工序都十分考究。和田手工地毯独特的风格和精湛的工艺造就了其驰名中外的声誉,为当地人民带来了许多财富。但近些年来,随着人们面对利益时日渐膨胀的虚荣心,使得很多商人逐渐缺失信誉。市场上大部分的和田手工地毯早已是名不副实,选料不再是纯正的和田羊毛,而是加入了大量的杂毛落毛,更有甚者,直接将内地机器编织好的地毯成品运送到当地进行销售,以假充真,鱼龙混杂。严重影响了和田手工地毯的声誉。本文首先将采集好的羊毛进行分拣、清洗、梳理,作为地毯的编织原料。然后对羊毛纤维的类型、细度、长度等一系列物理指标进行了的测试。结果表明:阿勒泰羊和巴什拜羊的毛纤维类型主要以绒毛和粗毛为主,并伴有少量的干死毛,两者均无两型毛。和田羊毛主要以绒毛和两型毛为主,粗毛含量较少,为5.98%;和田羊,阿勒泰羊和巴什拜羊之间的绒毛细度差值较少,细度相近,集中表现在21?m,粗毛细度值相差较大,最粗的是阿勒泰羊毛,最细的是巴什拜羊毛。和田羊的两型毛细度为42.96?m;和田羊毛的毛丛长度长达288.6mm,底绒长度长达110.99mm,远远高于其他两种羊毛,其中底绒长度约为其他两种羊毛的两倍,毛丛长度约为其他两种羊毛的三倍;和田羊,阿勒泰羊和巴什拜羊的纤维白度主要集中在65%~70%之间,和田羊毛的光泽度最优,其次是阿勒泰羊毛,巴什拜羊毛的光泽度在三者之间较差。由于和田羊和巴什拜羊的毛纤维为白色,而阿勒泰羊毛自身带有颜色,所以阿勒泰羊毛黄度值较大。从白度、光泽度以及黄度综合分析得出,和田羊毛色度更优。其次,研究和田手工地毯编织工艺,并实际操作。将不同品质的羊毛纤维纺成纱线并将纱线手工编织成地毯。在编织前要事先将梁架固定好,其主要是为了实现经纬纱的支撑和悬挂,整个编织过程是在梁架上进行的。计算好地毯的道数,将一定数量的经纱固定在梁架上,然后按照事先设计好的纹样将染好颜色的毛纱采用“森纳”结扣的形式编织在经纱上,期间进行按压、割绒等操作。编织好的地毯最后根据实际需要进行修剪、涂胶等一系列后处理。这样一块手工地毯就编织完成了。最后,综合分析和田手工地毯与其他羊毛地毯的差异,找出地毯与原料之间的关系,分析并验证。研究结果表明:和田羊毛地毯的掉毛率和抗压缩性能要远远优于阿勒泰羊毛地毯和巴什拜羊毛地毯,这主要是因为和田手工地毯采用的和田羊毛纤维长度较长。纤维的长度有利于降低地毯的掉毛率,提高地毯的抗压缩性能。通过光泽感比较,和田羊毛地毯的光泽度更好,说明了和田羊毛纤维的表面更加光滑,鳞片更加均匀,平整。
[Abstract]:Hotan handmade carpet is made of local Hotan wool as carpet raw material. The forming of Hotan handmade carpet is from raw material purchase, sorting, cleaning, drying, spinning to weaving and finishing. Each process is very elegant. The unique style and exquisite craftsmanship of Hotan's handmade carpet have created its reputation at home and abroad and brought a lot of wealth to the local people. But in recent years. With the growing vanity of people in the face of interests, many businessmen gradually lose credibility. Most of the hand-made carpet in the market has long been unworthy of its name, and the selection is no longer pure Hotan wool. But added a large number of miscellaneous hair hair, and even, directly to the mainland machine woven carpet finished goods to the local sales, fake. This article will collect the wool to carry on the sorting, the cleaning, the carding first, as the carpet weaving raw material. Then the wool fiber type, the fineness. A series of physical indexes such as length were tested. The results showed that the wool fiber types of Altay sheep and Basheba sheep were mainly wool and coarse wool with a small amount of dry hair. There were no two types of wool in both of them. The main woolen and two-type wool were mainly woolen wool and the coarse wool content was 5.98. The fineness difference of wool between Hetian sheep, Altay sheep and Bashbah sheep is less and the fineness is similar. M, the fineness of coarse wool varies greatly, the roughest wool is Altay wool, and the finest one is Basheba wool. The two types of wool in Hotan sheep are 42.96? M; The length of woolen wool is 288.6 mm and the length of bottom wool is 110.99 mm, which is much higher than that of the other two kinds of wool, of which the length of bottom wool is about twice that of the other two kinds of wool. The length of the wool is about three times that of the other two kinds of wool. The fiber whiteness of Hetian sheep, Altay sheep and Bashbah sheep is mainly between 6570%, and the luster of Hetian wool is the best, followed by Altay wool. The luster of Bashbah wool is poor between the three. Because the wool fiber of Hotan sheep and Bashbah sheep is white, and Altay wool has its own color, the yellowness of Altay wool is higher. The comprehensive analysis of gloss and yellowness shows that the color of Hetian wool is better. Secondly, the weaving technology of hand-made carpet in Hetian is studied. The wool fiber of different quality is spun into yarn and the yarn is woven into carpet by hand. The beam frame should be fixed before weaving, which is mainly to realize the support and suspension of warp and weft yarn. The whole knitting process is carried out on the beam frame. The number of carpets is calculated and a certain number of warp yarns are fixed on the beams. Then according to the pre-designed pattern the dyed woolen yarn is woven on the warp yarn in the form of "Senna" knots, during which the pressing, cutting and other operations are carried out. Finally, the woven carpet is trimmed according to the actual needs. A series of post-treatment such as glue coating. Such a piece of hand-made carpet is finished. Finally, comprehensive analysis and field hand carpet and other wool carpet differences, to find out the relationship between carpet and raw materials. The results show that the wool loss rate and compression resistance of Hotan wool carpet are much better than that of Altay wool carpet and Bashbah wool carpet. This is mainly due to the longer length of Hotan wool fiber used in Hotan handmade carpet. The length of fiber is helpful to reduce the wool loss rate of carpet and improve the compression resistance of carpet. The better glossiness of Hotan wool carpet indicates that the surface of Hotan wool fiber is more smooth, and the scales are more uniform and smooth.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS106.76

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