肉鸡屠宰下脚料发酵肥料及其产品开发

发布时间：2018-01-26 10:40

  本文关键词： 肉鸡屠宰 下脚料 微生物肥料　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：肉鸡下脚料是肉鸡屠宰加工后的废弃物,约占总重的65%。长期以来鸡类下脚料主要用于一些综合的加工利用,其余均被排放到田间,利用效率低下,而且还造成环境污染。肉鸡屠宰后的下脚料发酵制成微生物肥料具有肥效时间长、节约资源、安全无毒、成本较低等优点,对农业可持续发展、避免环境污染、提高资源的利用率具有重要意义。本试验通过筛选得到对肉鸡屠宰下脚料具有发酵作用的优势菌种进行形态学、生理生化能力观察、推断其所在菌属,并通过分子生物学鉴定方法确定三种优势菌种为产酸克雷伯氏菌株、液化沙雷氏菌、热带假丝酵母。将三株菌种进行复合培养并对影响因素进行单因素试验和优化试验,结果确定培养基配方为:葡萄糖20g/L、蛋白胨15g/L、氯化钠O.1g/L、硫酸镁0.25g/L、硫酸二氢钾0.25g/L。优化后的培养条件为:菌种活化液接菌量5%(v/v)、培养温度30℃、pH7.0、转速160r/min、培养14小时。将优势菌种复合培养液加入到未发酵的下脚料中,以游离氨基酸态氮含量为指标,分别考察接菌量、培养温度、转速、培养时间、料液比五个因素对发酵效果的影响,采用响应面中心组合设计对接菌量、培养温度和转速三个因素进一步优化。最终确定优化的工艺参数为:接菌量5.39%、转速178.89r/min、温度30.06°C,培养时间为5天,料液比为1:8,在此培养条件下游离氨基酸态氮含量的理论值为10.0047g/L,实验测定发酵液中游离氨基酸态氮的实际值为9.88 g/L验证试验结果接近预测值,证明该模型可以很好的拟合,有较高的可信度。发酵产品经检测符合复合微生物肥料(NY/T798-2004)标准。发酵肥料的总养分含量大约为4.2%、有效活菌数为0.97×108cfu/mL、杂菌率为12%、pH6.9。根据产品的肥效试验结果表明:将发酵肥料稀释100倍,施用量为5mL/d,种植7天,平均株高较施用市售普通微生物肥料生长的作物高4.5cm,证明优于市售普通微生物肥料。
[Abstract]:Broiler waste is the waste of broiler slaughtering and processing, accounting for about 65% of the total weight. For a long time, chicken waste is mainly used for some comprehensive processing and utilization, the rest are discharged into the field, the utilization efficiency is low. But also caused environmental pollution. Broiler slaughtered waste fermenting microbial fertilizer has the advantages of long time saving resources safe and non-toxic low cost sustainable development of agriculture to avoid environmental pollution. It is of great significance to improve the utilization of resources. In this experiment, the dominant strains of broiler slaughtering wastes were selected to observe their morphological, physiological and biochemical abilities, and to infer the genus of them. The three dominant strains were identified as Klebsiella acidogenic strain and Shareh liquefaction strain by molecular biological identification. Three strains of Candida tropicalis were co-cultured and single factor test and optimization test were carried out. The results showed that the medium formula was glucose 20 g / L and peptone 15 g / L. Sodium chloride 0.1g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.25g / L, potassium dihydrogen sulfate 0.25g / L. the optimized culture conditions were as follows: the amount of bacteria inoculated with activated solution was 5g / L, and the culture temperature was 30 鈩，

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