煤矿安全管理水平综合评价及对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 06:29

本文关键词： 安全生产事故影响因素结构方程评价提升对策　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今的中国在世界上能源消费最大,尤其是煤炭消费,调查发现,我国共6850座煤矿,开采量高达57亿吨,煤炭生产在我国能源消费结构中的重要性不言而喻。然而,煤炭开采行业属于特种作业行业,是高危行业,煤矿企业安全生产事故时有发生,每年因煤炭开采死亡人数高达几百人,为国家、企业和人民造成了严重的生命、财产损失。文献研究发现,煤炭安全生产作业与"人-机-环"密切相关,安全生产事故难以预防和控制,主要是因为员工行为难控制、机器设备易出事、自然环境难改善,煤矿企业要防止安全生产事故发生,必须通过完善"人-机-环"三方面安全管理工作,全面提高安全管理水平,降低事故发生率及事故损失程度。就"机"而言,煤矿企业应结合生产特点、生产规模等,根据安全生产需要,及时更新生产设备,升级技术装备,并定期维护与保养,保证机器设备正常运行;除此之外,井下预警设备也需完备,如瓦斯探测仪、束管监测系统等,能够随时反馈井下安全状况,为每位井下员工配备定位仪,随时监测员工所在位置,也能保证员工安全。就"环"而言,虽井下作业环境复杂多变且难以改善,但企业能够通过实时监测易变环境来提前预防安全事故的发生。由此可见,"机"和"环"都能通过企业的大力投入进行控制,都是可控的确定因素,只有"人"这方面充满不确定性。大量文献研究表明,员工不安全行为会直接导致安全生产事故发生,在安全生产事故关键影响因素中,员工不安全行为占比为97.67%,员工行为难以控制不仅使得管理难度增加,还会导致物与环境不安全因素频频出现。安全管理工作之所以困难,主要是由于其管理过程中的不确定性,要减小甚至消除这样的不确定性,就需要针对煤矿具体情况构建完善、有针对性的安全管理体系,利用适用性较强的评价方法对其进行评价,找出安全管理中不足之处,采取有效措施,防止出现井下安全生产事故。基于2006年至2015年全国煤矿死亡人数达3人及以上的重大安全生产事故统计资料,进行典型事故案例分析,以及问卷调查研究等,通过有效性分析,建立安全管理水平指标体系,再建立SEM模型分析各影响因素对安全管理水平的实际作用率,以及各指标之间的联系,最后通过析层次分析法及模糊综合评价法对某矿安全管理水平进行更科学有效的评价,并根据评价结果提出具有针对性对策。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, China has the largest energy consumption in the world, especially coal consumption. The survey found that there are 6,850 coal mines in China, and the mining capacity is as high as 5.7 billion tons. The importance of coal production in China's energy consumption structure is self-evident. However, coal mining industry is a special operation industry, is a high-risk industry, coal production accidents occur from time to time. Every year the death toll due to coal mining is as high as several hundred people, which has caused serious loss of life and property for the country, enterprises and people. It is found that the safe production of coal is closely related to "man-machine-ring". It is difficult to prevent and control the accidents in production safety, mainly because the behavior of employees is difficult to control, the machinery and equipment are vulnerable to accidents, the natural environment is difficult to improve, and the coal mining enterprises should prevent the occurrence of accidents in production safety. It is necessary to improve the safety management level and reduce the accident rate and accident loss by perfecting the safety management of "man-machine-ring". As far as "machine" is concerned, coal mining enterprises should combine the characteristics of production. Production scale, according to production safety needs, timely update production equipment, upgrade technical equipment, and regular maintenance and maintenance, to ensure the normal operation of machinery and equipment; In addition, the downhole early warning equipment also needs to be complete, such as gas detector, tube monitoring system, etc., can feedback downhole safety situation at any time, for each downhole staff equipped with a locator, monitoring the location of staff at any time. It can also ensure the safety of employees. As far as "ring" is concerned, although the environment of underground operation is complex and changeable and difficult to improve, enterprises can prevent the occurrence of safety accidents in advance by monitoring the changeable environment in real time. Both "machine" and "ring" can be controlled by enterprises' great input, which are controllable determinants, only "people" are full of uncertainty. A large number of literature studies show that. Unsafe behavior of employees will directly lead to accidents in production safety, in the key factors of safety accidents, the proportion of unsafe behavior of employees is 97.67%. The difficult control of employee behavior not only increases the difficulty of management, but also leads to the occurrence of unsafe factors of material and environment. The reason for the difficulty of safety management is mainly the uncertainty in the process of management. In order to reduce or even eliminate such uncertainty, it is necessary to build a perfect and targeted safety management system in accordance with the specific conditions of the coal mine, and evaluate it by using the evaluation method with strong applicability. Find out the shortcomings of safety management and take effective measures. Based on the statistical data of 3 or more coal mine fatalities in China from 2006 to 2015, the typical accidents are analyzed. Through the effectiveness analysis, the index system of safety management level is established, and then the SEM model is established to analyze the actual effect rate of each influencing factor on the safety management level. Finally, through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the safety management level of a certain mine is evaluated more scientifically and effectively, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward according to the evaluation results.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD79

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