季铵盐类氟碳表面活性剂在AFFF中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 23:52

本文关键词： AFFF 季铵盐类氟碳表面活性剂表面张力配方设计灭火时间　出处：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)中的含氟化合物对环境有害,自斯德哥尔摩公约签订以来,寻找合适的AFFF替代物已成为国际火灾科学领域的热门研究方向。基于这种考虑,本文合成了一种高效、无毒、环境友好的季铵盐类氟碳表面活性剂,以此为核心,设计出水成膜泡沫灭火剂的配方并进行性能评估,主要工作如下:(1)季铵盐阳离子氟碳表面活性剂的合成。以D2为原料经加成、水解和酰胺化等反应合成季铵盐类氟碳表面活性剂,经红外、氢谱、氟谱、碳谱等表征方法确定目标化合物结构;同时对该氟碳表面活性剂的相关表面性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:该氟碳表面活性剂表面性能优异,有较低的临界胶束浓度(cmc为9.2×10~(-4)mol/L)和较低表面张力(γcmc为20.29mN/m)。(2)基于季铵盐氟碳表面活性剂设计水成膜泡沫灭火剂。筛选灭火剂中的其它各个组分,配制泡沫灭火剂溶液进行相关理化性能评估,结果表明:该泡沫灭火剂溶液的相关理化性能均已达到或接近国家标准,其中该泡沫灭火剂溶液的表面张力为21.9 mN/m,在环乙烷表面缓慢铺展,发泡性能较好,但析液时间较短;同时进行灭火性能评估,结果表明:该泡沫灭火剂灭火时间较长(156s),边缘火难以灭掉,抗复燃能力差(350s),远低于国家标准(600s)。(3)对水成膜泡沫灭火剂的配方进行优化设计。研究该季铵盐氟碳表面活性剂与碳氢表面活性剂的协同作用,表明季铵盐氟碳表面活性剂与辛烷磺酸钠-APG0810复配协同效果最佳,该复配体系的表面张力由原来的20.29 mN/m降低至19.75 mN/m。同时,参照表面张力、发泡倍数、25%析液时间等评价方法,筛选水成膜泡沫灭火剂其他组分的最佳添加量,最后配制灭火剂泡沫溶液并进行理化性能及灭火性能评估。结果表明:优化后的泡沫灭火剂溶液的相关理化性能均已达到《水成膜泡沫灭火剂》的要求;表面张力为20.1 mN/m、在环乙烷上快速铺展;灭火时间短(57s),且抗烧时间较长(13min23s)。参照标准GB 15308-2006,得出该类泡沫灭火剂达到IIIC级别。综上,本课题设计的灭火剂可作为含全氟辛基类水成膜泡沫灭火剂的替代品。
[Abstract]:Fluorine compounds in traditional water film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFFFF) are harmful to the environment, since the Stockholm Convention was signed. Finding suitable AFFF substitutes has become a hot research direction in the field of fire science. Based on this consideration, a highly efficient, non-toxic, environment-friendly quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant has been synthesized in this paper. Based on this, the formulation of water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent was designed and its performance was evaluated. The main work was as follows: 1) Synthesis of quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant. D2 as raw material was added. Quaternary ammonium salts fluorocarbon surfactants were synthesized by hydrolysis and amidation. The target compounds were characterized by IR, hydrogen, fluorine and carbon spectra. At the same time, the surface properties of the fluorocarbon surfactant were studied. The experimental results show that the fluorocarbon surfactant has excellent surface properties. There is a lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 9.2 脳 10 ~ (-4) mol / L and a lower surface tension (纬 _ (cmc) = 20.29 mn 路m ~ (-1) 路m ~ (2)). The design of water film foam fire extinguishing agent based on quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant. The related physical and chemical properties of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution were evaluated. The results showed that the related physical and chemical properties of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution were up to or close to the national standard. The surface tension of the foam fire extinguishing agent solution is 21.9 mn / m, which spreads slowly on the surface of cyclohexane, and its foaming performance is better, but the time of liquid evolution is relatively short. At the same time, the fire extinguishing performance was evaluated. The results showed that the foam extinguishing agent had a long fire extinguishing time (156s), the edge fire was difficult to extinguish, and the ability of anti-recurrence was poor (350s). The formulation of water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent was optimized and the synergistic effect of the quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant and hydrocarbon surfactant was studied. The results showed that the synergistic effect of quaternary ammonium salt fluorocarbon surfactant and octanesulfonate sodium APG0810 was the best. The surface tension of the compound system was reduced from 20.29 mN/m to 19.75 mn / m. At the same time, with reference to the surface tension, the foam multiple of 25% liquid evolution time and other evaluation methods. Screening the best addition amount of other components of water film forming foam extinguishing agent. Finally, the chemical and physical properties and fire extinguishing performance of the foam solution were prepared and evaluated. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the optimized foam fire extinguishing agent solution had met the requirements of "water film foam fire extinguishing agent". The surface tension is 20.1 mn / m, spreading rapidly on cyclohexane; The fire extinguishing time is less than 57s ~ (-1), and the fire resistance time is longer (13min 23s). According to the standard GB 15308-2006, it is concluded that this kind of foam extinguishing agent can reach IIIC grade. The fire extinguishing agent designed in this paper can be used as a substitute for perfluorooctane water film forming foam fire extinguishing agent.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ423;TQ569

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