水下管道水平泄漏羽流动力学研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 13:04

本文关键词： 海流孔径佛汝德数含气率泄漏流量灵敏度 FLUENT　出处：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海底石油管道被称为油田的生命线,随着海底石油资源开采和石油长距离运输不断增多,因管道泄漏而发生的溢油事故也逐年增多,这些溢油事故不但存在较大的安全隐患,而且对海洋环境造成不可估量的破坏。因此,为了给溢油事故的应急响应提供重要信息,对溢油在水中扩散特性的研究极为重要。基于此,本文对水下管道水平泄漏的溢油运动进行实验及数值模拟。论文主要工作如下:首先,在水箱内进行了水下管道的泄漏实验,分析了泄漏孔径及管内压力对羽流运动的影响。实验结果表明:管道内压力及泄漏孔径对泄漏流量及所形成油滴的直径有重要影响。在一定的雷诺数及压力下,泄漏孔径越大,油滴的尺寸也越大,且泄漏流量也越大。此外,随着管道内压力及孔径佛汝德数的增大,油液到达水面的时间增长,泄漏流量也随之增大。其次,采用商业软件FLUENT对单相油及油气两相流体的水平泄漏进行了数值模拟。考虑海流流速、油滴的尺寸、含气率等因素的影响,详细分析了单相流体及油气两相流体的运动特点,数值计算结果表明:对于单相流体泄漏,除了管道内压力之外,海流流速、油滴尺寸都是影响溢油上升到水面时间的重要因素。海流流速越大,溢油上升到水面的时间越长;油滴尺寸越大,溢油上升的速度也越快。对于油气两相流体泄漏,随着含气率增高,羽流紊流程度逐渐提高,卷吸作用增强,溢油上升到水面的时间缩短。最后,对实验结果与模拟结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:实验模拟的羽流运动形态与数值模拟的羽流运动形态基本一致,数值模拟更好地弥补了由于实验条件限制而没有考虑的因素。在以上研究基础上对数值模拟结果进行灵敏度分析,分析结果为泄漏事故采取应急措施提供一定依据。
[Abstract]:The submarine oil pipeline is called the lifeline of the oil field. With the increasing exploitation of oil resources and long-distance transportation of oil, the accidents of oil spill due to pipeline leakage are also increasing year by year. Therefore, in order to provide important information for the emergency response to oil spill accidents, it is extremely important to study the characteristics of oil spill diffusion in water. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the leakage experiment of underwater pipeline is carried out in the water tank. The effects of leakage aperture and pressure in pipe on plume movement are analyzed. The experimental results show that the pressure and diameter of leakage have an important effect on the leakage flow rate and the diameter of the oil droplet formed. The larger the leak aperture is under a certain Reynolds number and pressure, the larger the leakage aperture is. The larger the size of the oil droplet and the larger the leakage flow rate, the larger the leak flow rate increases with the increase of the pressure in the pipeline and the Froude number of pore diameter. The horizontal leakage of single phase oil and oil / gas two-phase fluid is numerically simulated by commercial software FLUENT. Considering the influence of current velocity, oil droplet size and gas content, the movement characteristics of single-phase fluid and oil-gas two-phase fluid are analyzed in detail. Numerical results show that: for single-phase fluid leakage, except for the pressure in the pipeline, the current velocity and the size of the oil droplet are all important factors affecting the time of oil spill rising to the surface of the water, and the larger the current velocity, the longer the time of oil spill rising to the surface; The larger the size of oil droplets, the faster oil spills rise. For oil and gas two-phase fluid leakage, with the increase of gas content, the plume turbulent degree increases gradually, the entrainment increases, and the time of oil spill rising to the surface of the water is shortened. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The results show that the simulated plume motion pattern is basically the same as the numerical simulation plume motion pattern. Based on the above research, the sensitivity analysis of the numerical simulation results is carried out, which provides a certain basis for emergency measures for the leakage accident.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TE973.92

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