螺旋锥齿轮专用数控铣齿机有限元分析与多目标优化设计

发布时间：2018-02-23 12:49

本文关键词： 数控铣齿机螺旋锥齿轮有限元分析 Isight集成多目标优化设计　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：螺旋锥齿轮具有良好的机械性能,因此被广泛应用于各个工业制造领域。由于螺旋锥齿轮结构特殊,其齿形要保证较高精度,因此对螺旋锥齿轮加工机床的精度也有特别高的要求。本文研究的螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机是基于一种切齿新方法而研制的,该机床能够加工出具有较高精度的球面渐开线齿形螺旋锥齿轮。该机床是在普通铣床的基础上增加了数控回转工作台和主轴调整回转机构而研制的,因此机床结构较为复杂,自重较大。由于长期使用,使机床在加工过程中出现了震颤现象,对所加工齿轮的精度产生了一定影响,因此本文基于ANSYS Workbench软件对该机床进行有限元动静态分析,并基于Isight软件对机床进行多目标优化设计,旨在提高机床的整体静刚度和动态性能,相应的优化数据应用于后期对机床的改造中。本文主要完成的内容如下:(1)概述了螺旋锥齿轮加工机床的发展历程以及当前国内外发展现状,介绍了结构优化设计的意义和发展历程,根据螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机的结构特点,明确了需要进行结构优化设计的部分。(2)根据螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机的实际尺寸及结构特征,在CATIA软件中对其进行三维参数化建模。研究机床的有限元动静态分析方法,以及多目标优化设计方法,并根据螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机的结构特点,确定本文进行试验设计及多目标优化设计的具体方法,奠定本文研究的理论基础。(3)建立螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机的有限元模型,计算有限元分析的载荷,施加适当约束条件,并对模型的丝杠和螺栓等进行有限元分析的前处理。(4)通过对螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机的床身和立柱及主轴箱部分进行静力学分析、模态分析以及谐响应分析,找到正常工作状况下机床结构的薄弱环节主要为床身及立柱部分,并将其作为后期多目标优化对象。(5)基于Isight软件,对螺旋锥齿轮专用铣齿机进行试验设计和多目标优化设计,在保证质量不增加的前提下,优化各个设计变量,达到了降低最大变形量和提高首阶固有频率的优化目标。最后,对优化前和优化后的有限元模型进行动静态分析,通过对比性能指标验证了本文的多目标优化设计获得了明显的优化效果。
[Abstract]:Spiral bevel gears have good mechanical properties, so they are widely used in various industrial manufacturing fields. Because of the special structure of spiral bevel gears, the tooth shape of spiral bevel gears should be guaranteed to be of high accuracy. Therefore, the precision of spiral bevel gear machining machine is also very high. The special milling machine for spiral bevel gear studied in this paper is based on a new tooth cutting method. This machine can produce spherical involute spiral bevel gear with high accuracy. This machine is developed by adding numerical control rotary table and spindle adjusting rotating mechanism on the basis of ordinary milling machine, so the structure of the machine is more complex. Because of the long-term use, the machine tool appears tremor phenomenon in the process of machining, which has a certain influence on the precision of the machined gear. Therefore, the finite element dynamic and static analysis of the machine tool based on ANSYS Workbench software is carried out in this paper. In order to improve the static stiffness and dynamic performance of the machine tool, the multi-objective optimization design of the machine tool is carried out based on Isight software. The corresponding optimization data are applied to the transformation of machine tools in the later stage. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the development history of spiral bevel gear machining machine tools and the present development situation at home and abroad are summarized. This paper introduces the significance and development course of structural optimization design. According to the structural characteristics of special milling machine for spiral bevel gear, the part that needs to be optimized for structural design is defined. According to the actual dimensions and structural characteristics of special milling machine for spiral bevel gear, The 3D parameterized modeling is carried out in CATIA software. The finite element dynamic and static analysis method of machine tool and the multi-objective optimization design method are studied, and according to the structural characteristics of the special milling machine for spiral bevel gear, The concrete method of experiment design and multi-objective optimization design is determined in this paper. The theoretical foundation of this paper is established. The finite element model of special milling machine for spiral bevel gear is established, the load of finite element analysis is calculated, and the appropriate constraint condition is imposed. The preprocessing of finite element analysis for the lead screw and bolt of the model. (4) through the static analysis, modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the bed, column and spindle box of the special milling machine for spiral bevel gear, Find out that the weak link of machine tool structure under normal working condition is mainly bed and column, and take it as multi-objective optimization object in the later stage. Based on Isight software, the experiment design and multi-objective optimization design of spiral bevel gear special gear milling machine are carried out. In order to reduce the maximum deformation and increase the natural frequency of the first order, the design variables are optimized without increasing the quality. Finally, the dynamic and static analysis of the finite element model before and after the optimization is carried out. The multi-objective optimization design of this paper has been proved to be effective by comparing the performance index.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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