无源变色锚杆轴力监测装置的设计与研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 08:18

本文关键词： 锚杆轴力光学法变色监测　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究一种结构简单、成本低廉、安装方便、不会损害锚杆锚固质量、适合大规模安装且监测方便的锚杆轴力监测装置。锚杆支护技术在锚固工程中可以加固、组合和联接围岩,提高围岩的自身强度和自我稳定能力,在煤矿、水电、冶金和隧道等工程领域得到广泛应用。但是随着时间推移,锚杆在恶劣的工作环境中时常受到地下水腐蚀、邻区采矿扰动和围岩应力变化等因素的影响,导致锚杆所受应力增加。一旦锚杆所受应力达到或超过其强度极限就会导致锚杆的断裂和锚固工程的失效,给岩土锚固工程造成严重的安全事故隐患。为了维护工程稳定和保证施工安全,必须对锚杆轴力进行监测。因此,研究锚杆轴力监测装置具有显著的社会经济效益和意义重大的科研实用价值。然而,现有的锚杆轴力监测装置研究成果仍存在着需要电源供电或液压密封,难以防水防爆、可靠性差、制造成本高、安全管理复杂等诸多缺点,难以实现对锚杆锚固工程进行长期有效的准确监测。在分析研究现有锚杆轴力监测装置的研究成果的基础上,根据实践经验,针对目前锚杆轴力监测装置的不足提出了一种新型的锚杆轴力无损监测方法,将基于等厚干涉原理的光学干涉法创新性的应用到锚杆轴力监测中来,并设计了相关监测装置。通过分析研究,确定该监测装置由上盖板、弹性垫、下盖板、承载体和光学膜等部件组成。监测装置在锚杆轴力作用下,光学膜会发生微小变形。监测装置所受载荷不同,光学膜的变形量不同,在白色光源的垂直照射下,光学膜会产生不同的干涉图案颜色,通过不同的干涉图案颜色判断锚杆力的大小。首先,通过对拉力型锚杆的受力分析得出锚杆剪应力与轴应力的分布规律,选定了所监测锚杆型号,确定了监测装置的安装位置并定义了锚杆三种不同的受力状态。然后通过分析锚杆在锚固工程中的受力分布特点、监测装置的实际应用场景及在安装和使用中的受力情况,依据监测装置各部件的作用和工作原理分别讨论确定了监测装置各部件的材料选择、结构设计和尺寸选择,并利用ANSYS软件对上盖板、下盖板和承载体等结构进行了强度分析,以保证监测装置在监测范围内安全可靠。然后,针对监测装置的监测方法对光学干涉原理和光学膜的变形理论进行了相关公式推导,并编写了基于MATLAB的光学膜变形程序和光学膜仿真干涉程序。介绍了干涉图案颜色显示方法,并利用ANSYS有限元分析和MATLAB软件对光学膜的干涉图案进行了仿真分析。仿真分析结果显示,在监测范围内三种设定受力状态下锚杆轴力监测装置光学膜的干涉图案变化了三种颜色,可以通过不同的颜色判断锚杆的受力状态,证明了该监测装置的可行性。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study a kind of bolt axial force monitoring device, which is simple in structure, low in cost, convenient in installation, and not harmful to anchoring quality, and suitable for large-scale installation and convenient monitoring. The combination and connection of surrounding rocks to improve their own strength and self-stabilization ability are widely used in coal mine, hydropower, metallurgy and tunnel engineering fields. But over time, The anchor rod is often affected by underground water corrosion, mining disturbance and stress change of surrounding rock in the bad working environment. Cause the stress of the bolt to increase. Once the stress of the bolt reaches or exceeds its strength limit, it will lead to the fracture of the anchor and the failure of the anchoring project. In order to maintain the stability of the project and ensure the construction safety, the axial force of the anchor rod must be monitored. The research of anchor axial force monitoring device has significant social and economic benefits and great scientific and practical value. However, the existing research results of anchor axial force monitoring device still need power supply or hydraulic seal, so it is difficult to waterproof and explosion proof. Many shortcomings, such as poor reliability, high manufacturing cost, complex safety management and so on, make it difficult to carry out long-term and effective monitoring of anchoring engineering. According to the practical experience, a new nondestructive monitoring method of anchor axial force is put forward, which is based on the principle of equal thickness interference, and the optical interference method based on equal thickness interference principle is innovatively applied to the monitoring of anchor axial force. Through analysis and research, it is determined that the monitoring device is composed of upper cover plate, elastic pad, lower cover plate, bearing body and optical film, etc. The monitoring device is under the action of anchor rod axial force, and the monitoring device is composed of the upper cover plate, the elastic pad, the lower cover plate, the bearing body and the optical film, etc. The optical film will deform slightly. The deformation of the optical film varies with the load on the monitoring device, and the optical film will produce different interference pattern colors under the vertical irradiation of the white light source. First of all, the distribution of shear stress and axial stress of anchor rod is obtained by analyzing the force of tension type anchor, and the type of anchor is selected. The installation position of the monitoring device is determined and three different stress states of the anchor rod are defined. Then, through the analysis of the stress distribution characteristics of the anchor rod in the anchoring project, the practical application scene of the monitoring device and the stress situation in the installation and use of the monitoring device are analyzed. According to the function and working principle of each component of the monitoring device, the material selection, structure design and size selection of each component of the monitoring device are discussed, and the strength analysis of the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate and the bearing body is carried out by using ANSYS software. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the monitoring device in the monitoring range, the principle of optical interference and the deformation theory of optical film are deduced according to the monitoring method of the monitoring device. The optical film deformation program and the optical film simulation interference program based on MATLAB are compiled, and the color display method of the interference pattern is introduced. The interference pattern of optical film is simulated by ANSYS finite element analysis and MATLAB software. The interference pattern of optical film has changed three colors under three kinds of fixed force state in the monitoring range. The force state of anchor can be judged by different colors, and the feasibility of the monitoring device is proved.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD353.6

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