栝楼籽蛋白质的提取工艺及其功能特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 22:01

  本文选题：栝楼籽　切入点：提取　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：栝楼籽中含有约26.75%～28.82%的蛋白质。研究表明,栝楼籽蛋白质中的栝楼素(trichokirin)和糖蛋白已被应用在了癌症等疾病的治疗方面。为了利用好这一优质的植物蛋白,提高其蛋白质的提取效率以及研究其功能特性势在必行。本文以脱脂栝楼籽粉为原料,研究了栝楼籽蛋白的几种提取方法,并对栝楼籽蛋白质的功能特性进行了研究。通过研究为将来栝楼籽蛋白质的综合高效利用提供研究依据。也为将来栝楼籽的精深加工,为其从食品走向药品、保健品打下基础。本文首先研究了碱法提取栝楼籽蛋白质,该法具有提取率高,成本低,操作简便等特点。通过分析单因素粒度大小、提取时间、提取温度、碱溶pH值、固液比和提取率的关系,了解了栝楼籽蛋白提取的各因素影响范围,通过正交优化试验,确定了提取栝楼籽蛋白的最佳工艺。在固定粒度大小为100目、酸沉pH为3.8的情况下,提取的最佳工艺条件是：提取温度70℃、浸提pH值10.0、固液比1：20、提取时间80min。在该工艺条件下栝楼籽蛋白的提取率可达71.10%,纯度为77.01%。酶法提取具有反应温和、特异性好、环境污染较少等特点。由于酶的特异性,不同的酶其与底物作用的条件及结果各不相同。本文分别比较了几种不同的酶类提取栝楼籽蛋白的效果,试验表明,碱性蛋白酶的提取效率达到60.48%,远远高于其他几种酶类,因此选用碱性蛋白酶作为酶法提取的使用酶。通过单因素试验和响应面试验分析方法,在固定时间150min,酸沉pH3.8的情况下,得出的最佳提取工艺参数为：固液比为1：30.4,酶用量为3.0%,pH为9.9,提取温度64.8℃。酶法的提取率可达73.54%,纯度为84.78%。本文比较了栝楼籽蛋白质的2种纯化方法,测定了栝楼籽蛋白的氨基酸组成及含量,结果表明,其氨基酸组成全面,必需氨基酸组成符合人体需要模式。试验还分析了栝楼籽蛋白质的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性。研究发现栝楼籽蛋白质有较好的溶解性,与大豆蛋白相比,其吸水性、乳化性、乳化稳定性优于大豆蛋白；另外其吸油性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性略低于大豆蛋白质,但亦具有良好的加工特性。
[Abstract]:The seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii contain about 28.82 percent of the protein. Studies show that Trichosanthes kirinis and glycoproteins in the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii have been used in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. It is imperative to improve the extraction efficiency and to study the functional characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii. In this paper, several extraction methods of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were studied based on the seed powder of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The functional characteristics of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were studied. The study provided the basis for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein in the future, and also for the further processing of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds, from food to medicine. In this paper, the extraction of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein by alkaline method was studied. The method was characterized by high extraction rate, low cost, simple operation and so on. Through the analysis of single factor particle size, extraction time, extraction temperature, pH value of alkali solution, etc. The relationship between the ratio of solid to liquid and the extraction rate of Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein was studied. The optimum technology of extracting Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein was determined by orthogonal optimization experiment. Under the condition of fixed particle size of 100 meshes and pH 3.8 of acid precipitation, the optimum conditions for extracting Trichosanthes kirilowii seed protein were obtained. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature 70 鈩，

本文编号：1558267