防水透湿双层多级结构电纺聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 09:36

本文选题：多级结构　切入点：聚氨酯　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：静电纺丝技术是一种能够直接、连续制备纳米纤维的高新技术手段。纳微米多级结构材料以其超高比表面积和特有的结构特性,受到越来越多人们的关注,广泛应用于信息、能源、环境等领域,而静电纺丝法制备多级结构纳米纤维也成为近年来国内外研究热点。在防护领域中,防水透湿材料是一种兼顾防水和透湿性的功能面料,又被称为可呼吸材料或人造皮肤材料,在防护服装和户外休闲服装等领域发挥着重要作用。本文旨在采用常规电纺技术,研发出一种防水透湿效果与服装舒适度并存的多级结构纳米纤维膜,为我国高性能防水透湿材料开发提供一定的理论和实验依据。本论文主要基于常规静电纺丝技术,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,TPU为主要原料,通过加入四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)有机支化盐,一步法制备仿树枝状TBAC/TPU双层多级结构纳米纤维膜;并依据"推拉效应"原理,构筑了单尺度纯TPU和多尺度树枝状TBAC/TPU双层多级结构纳米纤维膜。重点研究仿树枝状TBAC/TPU双层多级结构纳米纤维膜纺丝工艺,利用SEM、XPS、EDS、TG等测试手段分析了纳米纤维膜的表面形貌、元素含量以及热学性能,同时分析了双层防水透湿薄膜的的孔径分布、机械性能、亲水性、耐静水压、透气透湿、过滤以及水分传输管理等性能。结果表明:通过在TPU纺丝液中加入适量TBAC有机支化盐能有效制备出仿树枝状多级结构纳米纤维膜,其最优的纺丝浓度TPU为7 wt%,TBAC为1 wt%,在为电压45 kV,接收距离10 cm,挤出速率0.5 ml/h电纺工艺下,树枝状结构最为显著;对比而言,常规TPU纳米纤维膜具有较强疏水特性,而树枝状纳米纤维膜表现出极高的亲水性能,二者复合的双层多级结构纳米纤维膜展现了优良的单向导湿性能;当TPU层膜厚度0.04 mm,树枝状TBAC/TPU层纳米纤维膜厚度为0.08 mm时,双层纳米纤维膜的透湿性为2170 g/m2/d,透气性为1.16 L/m2/s,耐静水压达100 cm Aq,且该纤维膜对直径为0.26 u m NaCl粒子的过滤效率高达99.95%,可满足防护服装材料的防护性能和舒适性能的要求。
[Abstract]:Electrospinning technology is a new and high technology which can produce nanofibers directly and continuously. Nano-micron multilevel structural materials have been paid more and more attention for their ultra-high specific surface area and unique structural characteristics, and have been widely used in information. In the field of energy, environment and so on, the preparation of multilevel nanofibers by electrostatic spinning has become a hot topic at home and abroad in recent years. In the field of protection, waterproof and moisture permeable material is a kind of functional fabric with both waterproof and moisture permeability. Also known as breathing material or artificial skin material, it plays an important role in the field of protective clothing and outdoor leisure clothing. A kind of multilevel structure nanofiber membrane with both waterproof and moisture permeable effect and comfort of clothing is developed, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of high performance waterproof and moisture permeable materials in China. This paper is mainly based on conventional electrostatic spinning technology. The dendritic TBAC/TPU bilayer multilevel structure nanofiber membrane was prepared by adding tetra#china_person0# ammonium chloride (TBAC) organic branched salt in a one step process, and based on the principle of "push-pull effect", NN- dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as the main raw material. Mono-scale pure TPU and multi-scale dendritic TBAC/TPU double layered multilevel structure nanofiber membranes were constructed. The spinning process of dendritic TBAC/TPU double layered multilevel nanofiber films was studied, and the surface morphology of nano-fiber membranes was analyzed by means of SEMX TBAC/TPU / EDS-TG. Element content and thermal properties. The pore size distribution, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, hydrostatic pressure resistance, air permeability and moisture permeability of double layer waterproof and moisture permeable film were analyzed. The results show that the dendritic multilevel nanofiber membrane can be effectively prepared by adding proper amount of TBAC organic branching salt to the TPU spinning solution. The optimum spinning concentration TPU is 7 wtand TBAC is 1 wt.The dendriform structure is the most obvious under the conditions of voltage 45 kV, receiving distance 10 cm, extrusion rate 0.5 ml/h electrospinning, and conventional TPU nanofiber film has strong hydrophobic property. The dendritic nanofiber membrane showed high hydrophilicity, and the double layer multilevel nanofiber film with two layers showed excellent unidirectional wet properties, when the thickness of TPU film was 0.04 mm, the thickness of dendritic TBAC/TPU layer nanofiber film was 0.08 mm, and that of dendritic TBAC/TPU film was 0.08 mm. The moisture permeability of the double layer nanofiber membrane is 2170 g / m ~ 2 / d, the permeability is 1.16 L / m ~ 2 / s, the hydrostatic pressure is 100 cm, and the filtration efficiency of the fiber membrane is as high as 99.95% for 0.26 u m NaCl particles, which can meet the requirements of the protective and comfortable properties of protective clothing materials.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ340.64

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