提高摩擦提升机高效经济安全稳定运行的方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 15:44

本文选题：多绳摩擦提升机　切入点：有效弧度角　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：矿山生产中矿井提升机扮演着重要的角色,联系着矿井井上作业与井下作业的关键枢纽环节,担负着将挖掘器械、作业人员、备用设备、煤炭、矸石等送到井下和井上作业的任务,因此它在我国整个矿山综合机械化生产中占有重要地位。随着工业智能制造行业的发力,采矿行业对于提升机提升能力的要求也在不断提高,提升机的设计结构逐渐向中—大型化的方向发展,造成设计者设计计算难度加大,主要体现在整机设计经济性和安全可靠性及平稳高效运行问题,从高效经济性角度而言,在设计阶段,提升机系统的各种部件型号种类多、人工海选困难,不易获得最佳组合选型,造成经济性差。在运行阶段,提升机系统的运行速度多变,不易获得各时段最佳匹配速度,造成高效性差;从安全可靠性角度而言,提升机传统设计法(循环试探法)因机构参数多、计算繁琐易出现某些零件失效形式计算的较大偏差,将会使得提升机处于不安全范围内运行;从平稳运行角度而言,提升机钢丝绳运行受载荷影响出现抖动、偏移等不平稳运行现象。因此,寻求一种旨在理清楚摩擦防滑失效机理计算方法和优化提升机运行参数手段,将有效提高提升机系统的安全稳定特性。开发一款基于MATLAB编程实现的提升机系统各种部件多种型号自动优化选型的软件,将是解决人工海选经济性差的有效手段。同时也将会在理论分析和实际案例方面有着重要意义。基于此,以多绳摩擦提升机为研究对象,以钢丝绳承载状况、运行速度及主—辅参数计算选型为关键因素,进行多绳摩擦提升机优化选型、提高运行安全稳定度的方法研究。因此,本文主要的研究工作和成果归纳如下:(1)多绳摩擦提升机的运行安全与防滑特性密切相关,选择钢丝绳与摩擦轮之间合适的围包角,可使防滑性能显著提高。然而,围包角计算公式由于其非线性特征,传统上采用欧拉法求解,其最佳围包角范围为(0~?)弧度,显然其范围偏大,不利于获得安全性最佳的围包角。在分析了钢丝绳与摩擦轮之间的受力分布机理基础上,定义了受力弧度变量0?和未受力弧度变量0?-?。依据有效弧度角0?在摩擦轮呈圆周运动时钢丝绳两侧受力随之改变机理,构建了符合防滑原则的摩擦式提升机有效弧度角与钢丝绳两侧受张力间对应的数学模型。(2)多绳摩擦提升机钢丝绳的平稳运行与不同载荷下的受力特性密切相关,找到加速到匀速和匀速到减速运行过程中的受力“突变”点,可减小或消除“突变”现象的发生。综合运用静力学和动力学理论,分析了提升钢丝绳在T周期内承载状况变化的规律,建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的摩擦轮相切处(分离处)的钢丝绳动态张力模型,达到动态观测钢丝绳运行工况承受张力的目的,通过仿真案例发现“突变”点的发生与悬垂绳长、载荷、加速度三大因素直接相关,为后续进一步研究上述三个因素的量化限制范围、实现多绳摩擦提升机钢丝绳的平稳运行提供了前提依据。(3)多绳摩擦提升机的高效经济性与电机和钢丝绳的选型密切相关,一次提升量、一次能耗、电机容量和和钢丝直径等参数主要依赖于提升过程中的运行速度,依据提升机运行时段分为加速阶段—匀速阶段—减速阶段—爬行阶段—停车阶段这五个阶段运行或者将加速阶段再分为初加速和主加速两个阶段。因此以恒定加速度为约束条件,建立了五阶、六阶速度曲线运行模型,与传统的三阶速度曲线运行模型对比分析可知,五阶、六阶速度曲线运行模型稳定性较好但运行时间较长,三阶速度曲线运行模型并不违反安全运行前提条件但运行时间较短,因此以三阶速度曲线运行模型为基准模型,建立了摩擦提升机的其他速度曲线运行模型与基准模型之比(无因次法)的数学模型,获得了相对速度与提升量、能耗量、电机容量、钢丝绳直径之间的关系,得到各自最佳但不统一的相对速度值,采用加权平均法将各自最小值的倒数作为权系数,获得兼顾多目标参数的统一相对速度值(无因次值)为0.41,实现了一次提升量、一次能耗、电机容量和和钢丝直径等参数的优化。(4)以新疆阜康市某煤矿初步设计的实际运行参数为案例,开发了基于MATLAB编程实现的提升机系统各种部件多种型号自动优化选型的软件,以研发的优化选型的软件为工具,实现了摩擦提升机的快速便捷计算、选型、检验、存储功能,验证了本文所提方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Mine production in mine hoist plays an important role, with the key link of mine operation hub and downhole operation, responsible for the mining equipment, operating personnel, standby equipment, coal gangue, etc. to the downhole and well on the task, so it occupies an important position in China's entire mine comprehensive mechanization with the industrial production. Intelligent manufacturing industry force, the mining industry for promoting the ability of hoisting machine requirements are constantly improve, improve the design structure of machine gradually to - large scale direction, causing difficulty in calculating the designers to increase, mainly reflected in the design problem of the economic and safety and the smooth and efficient operation, from efficient economic perspective, in the design stage, type of various components of hoist system, artificial selection difficult, not easy to get the best combination of selection, causing economic Poor. In the process of operation, the speed of hoist system is variable, is not easy to get the best time, speed, resulting in poor efficiency; from the perspective of safety and reliability of hoist, the traditional design method (cycle test method) for mechanism parameters, calculation easy deviation calculation of some parts of failure, will the elevator is running safety range from smooth operation; point of view, the hoist rope running load effects appear jitter, offset not stable phenomenon. Therefore, to seek a clear anti friction sliding failure mechanism calculation method and optimization of hoist operation parameters, will effectively improve the security and stability characteristics of ascension the development of a machine system. Based on the automatic optimal selection of MATLAB programming to enhance the various components of various types of machine system software, will solve the artificial economy poor effective audition Means. At the same time also will have an important significance in theoretical analysis and practical case. Based on this, the multi rope friction hoist as the research object, the wire rope load condition, running speed and main assist parameters selection for the key factors of multi rope friction hoist optimization selection, method of improving operation safety stability. Therefore, the main research work and achievements are as follows: (1) to improve the operation safety and antiskid machine is closely related to the characteristics of multi rope friction, wrap the right choice between the wire rope and the friction wheel angle, the anti-skid performance is significantly improved. However, wrap angle formula due to its nonlinear characteristics traditionally, the Euler method, the optimum wrap angle range (0~?) radian, obviously its range is too large, is not conducive to get the best security wrap angle. By analyzing the stress distribution mechanism of wire rope and the friction wheel between On the basis of the definition of stress variables and not 0 radian? Stress arc variable 0 -??. According to the effective angle of 0 radian? The friction wheel is circular motion of wire rope on both sides by stress change mechanism, build in line with the principle of anti-skid friction hoist rope on both sides of the radian angle and effective mathematical model the corresponding tension between. (2) multi rope friction force characteristics of stable operation and different load of lifting rope under closely related to uniform and uniform to find the acceleration force by the deceleration in the operation process of mutation, can reduce or eliminate the "catastrophe" phenomenon. The integrated use of statics and dynamics the theory, analysis of steel rope load changes in the T period of a friction wheel based on MATLAB/Simulink (tangential separation) of the wire rope dynamic tension model, achieve the dynamic observation of operating condition of the wire rope under tension The purpose, through a simulation case found "point mutation and drape rope" long, load, acceleration of three factors is directly related to the further research in order to quantify the three factors limit the scope of implementation of multi rope friction hoist wire rope machine smooth operation provides the premise basis. (3) the selection of multi rope friction lifting the machine is highly efficient and economical with the motor and the wire rope is closely related to the first upgrade, the first energy consumption, the running speed of the motor capacity and wire diameter mainly depends on the promotion process, on the basis of the hoist running time divided into the acceleration phase of uniform deceleration stage, these five phases - the crawling stage - parking stage of operation or will accelerate the stage is divided into early acceleration and main accelerating two stages. So with constant acceleration constraints, established five order, six order velocity curve operation model and three order speed of traditional Curve operation model comparison, five order, six order velocity curve operation model stability is better but the running time is longer, the three order running speed curve model does not violate the precondition of safe operation but shorter running time, so in order to run the three order velocity curve model as the benchmark model, established the friction hoist speed curve other operation model and the ratio of the benchmark model (dimensionless method) mathematical model, obtained the relative speed and enhance the capacity, energy consumption, motor capacity, the relationship between the diameter of the rope, get their best but not unified the speed value, using the weighted average method to their minimum as the reciprocal of the weight coefficient, relatively uniform taking into account the parameters of the target speed value (dimensionless value) is 0.41, achieved the first upgrade, the first energy consumption, the optimization of motor capacity and wire diameter parameters. (4) to a Xinjiang Fukang City The actual operation parameters of the preliminary design of coal mine as an example, the development of automatic selection of optimal MATLAB programming to enhance the various components of various types of machine system based on the software, to optimize the selection of the research and development of software, the friction hoist fast and convenient calculation, equipment selection, inspection, storage, to validate the feasibility of this method.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD534.3

【参考文献】