海藻纤维非织造布的凝胶化改性工艺及性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 23:37

本文选题：海藻纤维　切入点：凝胶化改性　出处：《武汉纺织大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改性海藻纤维针刺非织造布使其吸水立即凝胶,探究改性工艺与最优改性条件。采用红外光谱、XRD、离子浓度测试等多项测试表征改性前、后海藻纤维非织造布的结构变化,分析改性机理,并测试凝胶性能。借鉴改性海藻纤维针刺非织造布的工艺改性海藻/铜氨混纺水刺非织造布,确定最佳改性条件。测试改性后海藻/铜氨水刺非织造布的回潮率、厚度、透气性等物理性能以及吸收性能、持液性能、金属吸附性能。对比分析改性后海藻/铜氨水刺非织造布与其他六种面膜基布的性能测试数据,考评改性后的海藻/铜氨水刺非织造布是否可用作面膜基布,为后期对此类面膜的研发提供理论依据。通过实验现得到如下成果:采用先在低浓度HCl溶液处理,再用乙醇冲洗至中性,最后用低浓度NaOH乙醇溶液处理的凝胶化改性方法,可以使海藻纤维针刺非织造布在吸水后能立即凝胶。在实验环境下,HCl溶液浓度为0.10%、处理温度为室温、处理时间为30min;NaOH乙醇溶液浓度为4mmol/L、处理温度为30℃、处理时间为1h时为最佳凝胶化改性工艺条件。凝胶性能最好的海藻纤维针刺非织造布保水量能达到16g/g以上,远高于未凝胶的非织造布。通过对改性后非织造布进行XRD、红外光谱、离子浓度测试,得出凝胶化改性机理:采用HCl处理破坏了海藻纤维的结晶结构,降低了其结晶度和Ca2+含量,但在纤维分子间形成了酯键。采用NaOH处理促进了形成的酯键的水解断裂,并进一步降低纤维的结晶度和Ca2+含量。通过两步处理,可以将海藻纤维大分子间的交联点和作用力控制在恰当的范围内,使得水分子可以扩散进入到纤维大分子之间,并通过氢键作用力与纤维分子形成三维网络结构,从而转变成凝胶体。通过对改性前、后的非织造布进行物理性能测试发现:改性前后海藻纤维非织造布的厚度、单位面积质量、透气性、断裂强度等物理性能差别不大。凝胶性能最好的非织造布中的单纤通过显微镜观察到其直径增大2.5倍,通过宏观照片观察到其厚度、体积增大至5倍左右。海藻凝胶的溶胀速率、退胀速率与其凝胶程度有很大关系。凝胶程度越大的凝胶溶胀速率越慢,即溶胀曲线的斜率越小,而凝胶程度越小的凝胶达到溶胀平衡的时间越短。凝胶程度越好的凝胶退胀的速率越慢,即退胀曲线的斜率越小,而凝胶程度越低的凝胶达到完全脱水的时间越短。通过HCl溶液、NaOH乙醇溶液的先后处理,改性后的海藻/铜氨面膜基布遇水立即凝胶,保水量达到21.18g/g,具有很好的保水性能。海藻/铜氨面膜基布相较于其他面膜基布不仅面密度为31.44g/m~2、厚度仅有0.12mm,而且透气性达到了4317.80mm/s,做到了面膜要求的的“轻、薄、透气”。改性后海藻/铜氨面膜基布在模拟皮肤上的由于蒸发作用造成的损失最小,蒸发率仅为26.07%。而其保水量在20min内达到0.04g/cm~2,一片面膜可为皮肤补充10.68g水分。海藻/铜氨面膜相较于市场上流行的面膜基布,具有优异的金属吸附性,对Cd2+的吸附量更是其他面膜吸附量的近10倍,达到1.35mg/cm~2。
[Abstract]:The modified alginate fiber nonwovens make the water immediately on gel, modification and optimal modification conditions. By using infrared spectroscopy, XRD, ion concentration test and other test characterization of modified and structural changes of seaweed fiber nonwovens, modification mechanism analysis, and test performance. From the change process of gel alginate fiber nonwovens modified alginate / copper ammonia blended spunlaced nonwovens, determine the optimal modification conditions. Test the modified copper ammonia / seaweed Spunlaced moisture, thickness, permeability and other physical properties and absorption properties, liquid properties, metal adsorption properties. Comparative analysis of performance test data modification seaweed / copper ammonia water laced nonwovens and other six kinds of mask substrate, evaluation of modified seaweed / copper ammonia water is available for Spunlaced mask substrate, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of this kind of mask later. The experiment results are as follows: first used in the treatment of low concentration of HCl solution, and then rinsed with ethanol to neutral, the gelation of low concentration of NaOH alcohol solution modification method, can make the seaweed fiber nonwovens can gel immediately after absorption of water. In the experimental environment, the HCl concentration was 0.10%, the treatment temperature at room temperature, processing time is 30min; the concentration of NaOH ethanol solution for 4mmol/L treatment, the temperature is 30 DEG C, processing time is 1H for the best gelation modification conditions. Seaweed fiber needle textiles keeping the best gel properties of water can reach more than 16g/g, much higher than the nonwovens not gel. Based on a modified nonwoven cloth XRD, infrared spectroscopy, ion concentration test, the gelation mechanism of modification by HCl treatment destroyed the crystal structure of seaweed fiber, reducing its crystallinity and Ca2+ content, but in the fiber molecules Between the formation of ester bonds. The NaOH treatment promoted the hydrolytic cleavage of the ester bond formation, and further reduce the crystallinity and the content of Ca2+ fiber. By two step treatment, can crosslink seaweed fiber intermolecular forces and control in the appropriate range, the water molecules can be diffused into the fiber large molecules, and through hydrogen bonding and fiber molecules to form a three-dimensional network structure, thus turning into colloidal coagulation. Based on a modified and nonwovens after the physical properties test found: change the thickness of seaweed fiber nonwovens before and after, mass per unit area, air permeability, little difference in physical properties including tensile strength of nonwovens. The best performance in the gel fiber were observed by microscope and the diameter increased 2.5 times, the thickness observed by macro photo, volume increased to about 5 times. The swelling rate of seaweed gel deswelling. Have a great relationship with the rate of gel. The gel degree of the swelling rate is slower, the slope of swelling curve is smaller, and the smaller the degree of gel to gel swelling equilibrium time is short. The rate of gel degree better gel deswelling the slower deswelling curve slope is smaller, and the the lower the degree of gel to gel completely dehydration time is short. By HCl solution, NaOH ethanol solution after treatment, modified seaweed / copper ammonia water gel mask substrate immediately, water holding capacity reached 21.18g/g, with water retention. The good performance of seaweed / copper ammonia mask substrate compared to other mask substrate not only the surface density is 31.44g/m~2, the thickness of only 0.12mm, and permeability reached 4317.80mm/s, do mask requirements of "light, thin, breathable. The modified seaweed / copper ammonia mask substrate in the simulation of the skin caused by the evaporation The minimum loss, evaporation rate is only 26.07%. and the water holding capacity reached 0.04g/cm~2 in 20min, a mask for the skin to add moisture. 10.68g seaweed / popular copper ammonia mask on the market compared to the mask substrate, metal has excellent adsorption, the adsorption capacity of Cd2+ is nearly 10 times the other surface membrane adsorption the reach 1.35mg/cm~2.

【学位授予单位】：武汉纺织大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS195.5

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