膨胀型无卤阻燃ABS及其增韧研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 00:30

本文选题：ABS树脂　切入点：膨胀型无卤阻燃剂　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)因具备强度高、韧性好和易加工等优点,而被广泛地应用于汽车、家电、纺织和化工等领域。但ABS氧指数只有18.5%,属易燃材料。目前,在ABS中应用最普遍的是卤/锑协效型阻燃剂,但燃烧过程中产生的大量有毒气体和黑烟对人类的生命安全构成威胁、给环境带来严重污染。以聚磷酸铵(APP)为主要成分的膨胀型无卤阻燃剂成为主要研究方向,但APP具有吸湿性大、易析出、与基体相容性差、添加量大和力学性能差等缺点。因此,本文选用MAPP(环氧树脂开环固化处理APP)和双季戊四醇(DPER)作为膨胀型阻燃剂的主要成分,将ABS、MAPP、DPER和ABS高胶粉(ABSHR)通过熔融共混制备阻燃复合材料。通过LOI、CONE、热性能、力学性能和流变性能等对复合材料的形态与结构进行分析,探究了MAPP与DPER的比例、膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)和ABSHR的添加量对复合材料综合性能的影响。研究单独使用APP和MAPP对ABS阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。当添加量达到35wt%时,复合材料的LOI分别为24.2%和24.6%,阻燃效果不佳。高添加量的阻燃剂对复合材料力学性能的影响较大。选取MAPP和DPER作膨胀型阻燃剂的主要成分,探究MAPP与DPER比例和IFR添加量对ABS综合性能的影响。结果表明,当IFR添加量为35wt%,MAPP与DPER的比例为2:1时,复合材料的LOI达到28.6%,UL-94 V-0级,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为39MPa和74MPa,但冲击强度只有2.5kJ·m-2,复合材料呈现高刚性低韧性的特点。应用CONE(锥形量热仪)对纯ABS和ABS/IFR阻燃材料的燃烧性能进行测试。结果表明,IFR的添加降低了ABS的HRR(热释放速率)、EHC(有效燃烧热)、MLR(质量损失速率)、THR(总热释放速率)等,说明了复合材料具有良好的阻燃性能。阻燃剂的添加对ABS阻燃材料韧性的影响较大,本文选取弹性体ABSHR对阻燃材料进行增韧改性。研究结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度随ABSHR的增加而增大,当ABS/IFR中添加10wt%的ABSHR时,ABS/IFR/ABSHR复合材料的冲击强度为3.0 kJ·m-2,增大幅度为20%。
[Abstract]:Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is widely used in automobile, home appliance, textile and chemical industry because of its advantages of high strength, good toughness and easy processing. Halogen / antimony synergistic flame retardant is the most widely used in ABS. However, a large number of toxic gases and smoke produced during the combustion process pose a threat to the safety of human life. The intumescent halogen-free flame retardant with ammonium polyphosphate (app) as the main component has become the main research direction, but APP has the disadvantages of large hygroscopicity, easy precipitation, poor compatibility with matrix, large amount of addition and poor mechanical properties, etc. In this paper, MAPP (epoxy resin ring-opening curing treatment app) and dipentaerythritol (DPERA) were selected as the main components of intumescent flame retardant. The flame retardant composites were prepared by melt blending of ABS high rubber powder and ABSMAP / DPER. Mechanical properties and rheological properties were used to analyze the morphology and structure of the composites, and the ratio of MAPP to DPER was explored. The effect of the content of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) and ABSHR on the comprehensive properties of the composites was studied. The effects of APP and MAPP on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ABS were studied. The LOI of the composite is 24.2% and 24.6, respectively. The flame retardant effect is not good. The high content of flame retardant has great influence on the mechanical properties of the composite. MAPP and DPER are selected as the main components of the intumescent flame retardant. The effects of the ratio of MAPP to DPER and the amount of IFR on the comprehensive properties of ABS were investigated. The results showed that when the ratio of IFR to DPER was 2: 1, the LOI of the composite reached 28.664 V-0. The tensile strength and bending strength were 39 MPA and 74 MPA, respectively, but the impact strength was only 2.5 kJ 路m ~ (-2). The composites showed the characteristics of high rigidity and low toughness. The combustion properties of pure ABS and ABS/IFR flame retardant materials were tested by cone calorimeter. The addition of IFR can reduce the heat release rate (ABS) of ABS (mass loss rate (WLR) and total heat release rate (THR), etc.). The results show that the composites have good flame retardancy and the addition of flame retardant has a great influence on the toughness of ABS flame retardant materials. In this paper, the elastomer ABSHR is selected to toughen and modify the flame retardant materials. The results show that, The impact strength of the composites increases with the increase of ABSHR. The impact strength of ABS/IFR / IFR / ABSHR composites is 3.0 kJ 路m ~ (-2) when 10 wt% ABSHR is added to ABS/IFR, and the increase range is 20 kJ 路m ~ (-2).
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ325.2

【相似文献】